Isodiyam yegazi esezantsi

Isodiyam yegazi esezantsi yimeko apho inani lesodiyam egazini lingaphantsi kunesiqhelo. Igama lonyango lale meko yihyponatremia.

Isodiyam ifumaneka ikakhulu kulwelo lomzimba ngaphandle kweeseli. Isodiyam yi-electrolyte (izimbiwa). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi.Isodiyam nayo iyafuneka kwimithambo-luvo, izihlunu, kunye nezinye izicwili zomzimba ukuze zisebenze kakuhle.

Xa inani lesodiyam kulwelo ngaphandle kweeseli luyehla ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo, amanzi aya kwiiseli ukulinganisa amanqanaba. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli zidumbe ngamanzi amaninzi. Iiseli zobuchopho zithande ikakhulu ukudumba, kwaye oku kubangela uninzi lweempawu zesodiyam ephantsi.

Nge-sodium yegazi ephantsi (i-hyponatremia), ukungalingani kwamanzi kwisodium kubangelwa yenye yeemeko ezintathu:

• I-hypvoatremia ye-Euvolemic - iyonke amanzi omzimba ayenyuka, kodwa umxholo womzimba we-sodium uhlala unjalo
• Hypervolemic hyponatremia - zombini isodium kunye nomxholo wamanzi emzimbeni uyanda, kodwa inzuzo yamanzi inkulu
• Hypovolemic hyponatremia - amanzi kunye nesodium zombini zilahlekile emzimbeni, kodwa ilahleko yesodiyam inkulu

Isodiyam yegazi esezantsi inokubangelwa ngu:

• Ukutsha okuchaphazela indawo enkulu yomzimba
• Urhudo
• Amayeza womchamo (iipilisi zamanzi), ezonyusa ukuphuma komchamo kunye nokulahleka kwesodiyamu ngomchamo
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Izifo zezintso
• Isibindi sokuqina
• Isifo se-secretion esingalunganga se-antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
• Ukubila
• Ukuhlanza

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Ukudideka, ukuba nochuku, ukungazinzi
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukudinwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha, i-spasms, okanye i-cramp
• Isicaphucaphu, ukugabha

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu zakho. Kuya kwenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo.

Uvavanyo lweLebhu olunokuqinisekisa kwaye luncede ekuchongeni i-sodium ephantsi kubandakanya:

• Iphaneli yemetaboli ebanzi (kubandakanya igazi lesodium, uluhlu oluqhelekileyo yi-135 ukuya kwi-145 mEq / L, okanye i-135 ukuya kwi-145 mmol / L)
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Osmolality
• Umchamo osmolality
• Umchamo wesodium (inqanaba eliqhelekileyo ngama-20 mEq / L kwisampulu yomchamo ongacwangciswanga, kunye nama-40 ukuya kuma-220 mEq ngosuku kuvavanyo lomchamo lweeyure ezingama-24)

Unobangela wesodium ephantsi kufuneka afunyaniswe kwaye anyangwe. Ukuba umhlaza ungunobangela wale meko, ke i-radiation, i-chemotherapy, okanye utyando lokususa ithumba inokulungisa ukungalingani kwe-sodium.

Olunye unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile lwehyponatremia.

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ulwelo ngomthambo (IV)
• Amayeza okususa iimpawu
• Ukunciphisa ukuthotyelwa kwamanzi

Iziphumo zixhomekeke kwimeko ebangela ingxaki. Isodiyam ephantsi eyenzeka ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-48 (i-hyponatremia ebukhali), iyingozi kune-sodium ephantsi ekhula kancinci emva kwexesha. Xa inqanaba lesodiyam liwa kancinci kwiintsuku okanye iiveki (i-hyponatremia engapheliyo), iiseli zengqondo zinexesha lokuhlengahlengisa kwaye ukudumba kunokuba kuncinci.

Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-sodium ephantsi ingakhokelela ku:

• Ukwehla kwengqondo, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo okanye isiqaqa
• Ubungqina beBongo
• Ukufa

Xa inqanaba lesodium lomzimba wakho lihla kakhulu, kunokuba sisisongelo sobomi. Fowunela umboneleli wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba unempawu zalo mqathango.

Ukunyanga imeko ebangela isodium ephantsi kunokunceda.

Ukuba udlala imidlalo okanye wenza omnye umsebenzi onamandla, sela iziselo ezifana neziphuzo zemidlalo eziqukethe ii-electrolyte ukugcina inqanaba lomzimba we-sodium kwindawo efanelekileyo.

Hyponatremia; Ukucocwa kwehyponatremia; Hyponatremia enobuzaza; Hypervolemic hyponatremia; Hypovolemic hyponatremia

UDineen R, uHannon MJ, uThompson CJ. Hyponatremia kunye nehipernatremia. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, ii-eds. Endocrinology: Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahl. 112.

Imeko engxamisekileyo encinci kaMetabolic. Ku: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, ii-eds. Incwadi yezeMpilo yabantu abadala. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2015: icandelo le-12.