IGlomerulonephritis

IGlomerulonephritis luhlobo lwesifo sezintso apho icandelo lezintso zakho elinceda ekucoceni inkunkuma kunye neencindi zegazi zonakalisiwe.

Icandelo lokucoca izintso libizwa ngokuba yi-glomerulus. Intso nganye inamawaka glomeruli. I-glomeruli inceda umzimba ukuba ulahle izinto eziyingozi.

IGlomerulonephritis inokubangelwa ziingxaki zomzimba. Rhoqo, oyena nobangela wale meko akaziwa.

Ukonakaliswa kwe-glomeruli kubangela ukuba igazi kunye neeprotein zilahleke kumchamo.

Le meko inokukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukusebenza kwezintso kulahlekile kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-glomerulonephritis ekhawulezayo.

Abanye abantu abane-glomerulonephritis engapheliyo abanayo imbali yesifo sezintso.

Oku kulandelayo kunokunyusa umngcipheko wale meko:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi okanye inkqubo ye-lymphatic
• Ukubonakaliswa kwizinyibilikisi zehydrocarbon
• Imbali yomhlaza
• Usulelo olufana nosulelo lwe-strep, iintsholongwane, usulelo lwentliziyo, okanye amathumba

Iimeko ezininzi zibangela okanye zonyusa umngcipheko we-glomerulonephritis, kubandakanya:

• I-Amyloidosis (ingxaki apho iprotein ebizwa ngokuba yi-amyloid yakha kwizitho nakwizicubu)
• Ukuphazamiseka okuchaphazela inwebu yangaphantsi yeglomerular, icandelo lezintso elinceda ukucoca inkunkuma kunye nolwelo olongezelelekileyo egazini
• Izifo zemithambo yegazi, njenge-vasculitis okanye i-polyarteritis
• Icandelo le-glomerulosclerosis (inkohliso ye-glomeruli)
• Isifo se-membrane esingaphantsi kwe-anti-glomerular (isifo apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela i-glomeruli)
• I-analgesic nephropathy syndrome (isifo sezintso ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakhulu kweentlungu, ngakumbi ii-NSAID)
• I-Henoch-Schönlein purpura (isifo esibandakanya amabala amfusa kulusu, iintlungu ezidibeneyo, iingxaki zesisu kunye ne-glomerulonephritis)
• I-nephropathy ye-IgA (ukuphazamiseka apho ii-antibodies ezibizwa ngokuba yi-IgA zakha kwizicubu zezintso)
• I-lupus nephritis (ingxaki yezintso ye-lupus)
• I-Membranoproliferative GN (ifom ye-glomerulonephritis ngenxa yokwakhiwa okungaqhelekanga kweentsholongwane kwizintso)

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-glomerulonephritis zezi:

• Igazi kumchamo (umnyama, umbala obomvu, okanye umchamo omdaka)
• Umchamo we-foam (ngenxa yeeprotheyini ezigqithileyo kumchamo)
• Ukudumba (i-edema) yobuso, amehlo, amaqatha, iinyawo, imilenze, okanye isisu

Iimpawu zinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Igazi emhlanzweni okanye kwilindle
• Ukukhwehlela kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane
• Urhudo
• Ukuchama kakhulu
• Ifiva
• Ukugula gwenxa, ukudinwa, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ukudibana ngokudibeneyo okanye kwezihlunu
• Umphunga

Iimpawu zesifo sezintso ezinganyangekiyo zinokukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iimpawu zokungaphumeleli kwezintso ezingapheliyo kunokukhula kancinci.

Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zinokukhula kancinci, ingxaki inokufunyanwa xa une-urinalysis engaqhelekanga ngexesha lomzimba okanye uviwo lwenye imeko.

Iimpawu ze-glomerulonephritis zinokubandakanya:

• Ukunqongophala kwegazi
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Iimpawu zokuncipha kwezintso

I-biopsy yezintso iqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Emva kwexesha, iimpawu zesifo sezintso ezingapheliyo zinokubonwa, kubandakanya:

• Ukudumba kwamathambo (i-polyneuropathy)
• Iimpawu zokugcwala okungaphezulu kolwelo, kubandakanya intliziyo engaqhelekanga kunye nezandi zemiphunga
• Ukudumba (iedema)

Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo ezinokwenziwa kubandakanya:

• Ukuskena kwe-CT esiswini
• Isifo sezintso
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ipyramogram efakwa ngaphakathi (IVP)

Uvavanyo lwe-Urinalysis kunye nolunye uvavanyo lomchamo lubandakanya:

• Ukucoca creatinine
• Uvavanyo lomchamo phantsi kwemicroscope
• Umchamo iyonke protein
• Uric acid kumchamo
• Uvavanyo lokujonga umchamo
• Umchamo creatinine
• Umchamo protein
• Umchamo we-RBC
• Umchamo othile womxhuzulane
• Umchamo osmolality

Esi sifo sinokubangela iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga kolu vavanyo lwegazi lulandelayo:

• Ialbhamu
• Uvavanyo lwe-antibody ye-antiglomerular basement
• Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
• Iintsholongwane zenyukliya
• BUN kunye ne-creatinine
• Gcwalisa amanqanaba

Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu sokuphazamiseka, kunye nohlobo kunye nobukhali beempawu. Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kunyango.

Amayeza anokumiselwa abandakanya:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi iziyobisi, i-angiotensin eguqula i-enzyme inhibitors kunye ne-angiotensin receptor blockers
• ICorticosteroids
• Iziyobisi ezicinezela amajoni omzimba

Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-plasmapheresis ngamanye amaxesha inokusetyenziselwa i-glomerulonephritis ebangelwa ziingxaki zomzimba. Inxalenye yegazi enamachiza omzimba iyasuswa kuze kufakwe ulwelo olufakwa ngaphakathi okanye iplasma enikelweyo (engenazo izilwa-buhlungu). Ukususa ii-antibodies kunokunciphisa ukudumba kwizicubu zezintso.

Kuya kufuneka unciphise ukutya kwakho isodium, fluids, protein, nezinye izinto.

Abantu abakule meko kufuneka bajongwe ngononophelo kwiimpawu zokusilela kwezintso. I-Dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso ekugqibeleni kunokufuneka.

Unako ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina amaqela enkxaso apho amalungu abelana ngamava aqhelekileyo kunye neengxaki.

IGlomerulonephritis inokuba yeyethutyana kwaye ibuye umva, okanye isenokuba mandundu. Ukuqhubela phambili kwe-glomerulonephritis kunokukhokelela ku:

• Ukusilela kwezintso okungapheliyo
• Ukunciphisa umsebenzi wezintso
• Isifo sokugqibela sezintso

Ukuba une-nephrotic syndrome kwaye inokulawulwa, unokukwazi ukulawula ezinye iimpawu. Ukuba ayinakulawulwa, unokuba nesi sifo sezintso.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba:

• Unemeko eyonyusa umngcipheko we-glomerulonephritis
• Uba neempawu ze-glomerulonephritis

Uninzi lweziganeko ze-glomerulonephritis azinakuthintelwa. Amanye amatyala anokuthintelwa ngokunqanda okanye ukunciphisa ukubekeka kwizinyibilikisi, i-mercury, kunye ne-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs).

I-Glomerulonephritis - engapheliyo; Nephritis ezingapheliyo; Isifo Glomerular; Ukucoca glomerulonephritis; I-Glomerulonephritis - i-crescentic; Icrescentic glomerulonephritis; Ngokukhawuleza i-glomerulonephritis eqhubekayo

• I-anatomy yezintso
• IGlomerulus kunye nephron

URadhakrishnan J, iAppel GB, iD'Agati VD. Isifo se-glomerular sesibini. Ku: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, ii-eds. Brenner kunye noMphathi weZintso. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 32.

Reich HN, ICattran DC. Unyango lwe-glomerulonephritis. Ku: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, ii-eds. Brenner kunye noMphathi weZintso. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 33.

USaha MK, iPendergraft WF, uJennette JC, uFalk RJ. Isifo esisisiseko se-glomerular. Ku: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, ii-eds. Brenner kunye noMphathi weZintso. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 31.