I-immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

I-immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) sisifo esopha apho amajoni omzimba atshabalalisa iiplatelets, eziyimfuneko ekunqandeni igazi. Abantu abanesi sifo banee-platelets ezimbalwa egazini.

I-ITP yenzeka xa iiseli ezithile zamajoni omzimba zivelisa ii-antibodies ngokuchasene neeplatelets. Iiplatelets zinceda ihlwili lakho legazi ngokudibana kunye ukuze ufake imingxunya encinci kwimithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo.

Amachiza omzimba ancamathele kwiiplatelets. Umzimba utshabalalisa iiplatelets ezithwala ii-antibodies.

Kubantwana, esi sifo ngamanye amaxesha silandela usulelo lwentsholongwane. Kubantu abadala, sihlala sisifo sexesha elide (esinganyangekiyo) kwaye sinokubakho emva kosulelo lwentsholongwane, kusetyenziswa iziyobisi ezithile, ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okanye njengenxalenye yokuphazamiseka komzimba.

I-ITP ichaphazela abasetyhini rhoqo kunamadoda. Kuqheleke kakhulu ebantwaneni kunabantu abadala. Kubantwana, esi sifo sichaphazela amakhwenkwe namantombazana ngokulinganayo.

Iimpawu ze-ITP zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Amaxesha anzima ngokungaqhelekanga kwabasetyhini
• Ukopha kulusu, kuhlala ujikeleze i-shins, kubangela irhashalala elikhangeleka ngathi likhomba amabala abomvu (i-petechial rash)
• Ukutyumza okulula
• Ukuphuma ngeempumlo okanye ukopha emlonyeni

Uvavanyo lwegazi luya kwenziwa ukukhangela ubalo lweplatelet yakho.

Umnqweno wethambo okanye i-biopsy inokwenziwa.

Kubantwana, esi sifo sihlala sihamba ngaphandle konyango. Abanye abantwana banokufuna unyango.

Abantu abadala bahlala beqala kumayeza e-steroid abizwa ngokuba yi-prednisone okanye i-dexamethasone. Ngamanye amaxesha, utyando lokususa udakada (splenectomy) luyacetyiswa. Oku kwandisa ukubalwa kweplatelet malunga nesiqingatha sabantu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindlela zonyango zihlala zicetyiswa endaweni yoko.

Ukuba isifo asihlali ngcono nge-prednisone, ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokubandakanya:

• Ukufakwa kwe-gamma globulin yedosi ephezulu (into yomzimba yokuzikhusela)
• Iziyobisi ezicinezela amajoni omzimba
• Unyango lwe-anti-RhD kubantu abaneentlobo ezithile zegazi
• Iziyobisi ezikhuthaza umongo wethambo ukuba zenze iiplatelets ezingakumbi

Abantu abane-ITP akufuneki bathathe i-aspirin, ibuprofen, okanye i-warfarin, kuba la machiza aphazamisa ukusebenza kweplatelet okanye ukujiya kwegazi, kwaye ukopha kunokwenzeka.

Olunye ulwazi kunye nenkxaso yabantu abane-ITP kunye neentsapho zabo zifumaneka ku:

• pdsa.org/patients-caregivers/support-resource.html

Ngonyango, ithuba lokuxolelwa (ixesha elingenazimpawu) lilungile. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-ITP inokuba yimeko yexesha elide kubantu abadala kwaye iphinde ivele, kwanasemva kwexesha elingenazimpawu.

Ngequbuliso kunye nokulahleka okukhulu kwegazi kwindlela yokugaya ukutya kunokubakho. Ukopha kwingqondo kunokwenzeka.

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba ukopha ngamandla, okanye ukuba ezinye iimpawu ziyavela.

ITP; Thrombocytopenia omzimba; Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi - idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi - i-ITP; Ukuzenzekelayo - ITP; Inani eliphantsi leplatelet - ITP

• Iiseli zegazi

Abrams CS. I-Thrombocytopenia. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 163.

UArnold DM, ilungu lePalamente leZeller, uSmith JW, uNazy I.Izifo zenombolo yeplatelet: I-immune thrombocytopenia, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, kunye ne-posttransfusion purpura. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ii-eds. I-Hematology: Imigaqo esisiseko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 131.