Ukunqongophala kwegazi

I-anemia yimeko apho umzimba ungenayo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibonelela ngeoksijini kwizicubu zomzimba.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-anemia zibandakanya:

• I-anemia ngenxa yokusilela kwe-vitamin B12
• I-anemia ngenxa yokusilela kwe-folate (folic acid)
• I-anemia ngenxa yokusilela kwentsimbi
• I-Anemia yesifo esinganyangekiyo
• I-anemia yeHemolytic
• Idiopathic aplastic anemia
• I-Megaloblastic anemia
• I-anemia enobunzima
• Isifo seanemia
• Thalassemia

Ukunqongophala kwe-iron anemia lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-anemia.

Nangona iindawo ezininzi zomzimba zinceda ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, uninzi lomsebenzi wenziwa kumongo wethambo. Umongo wethambo sisicubu esithambileyo embindini wamathambo esinceda ekwenzeni zonke iiseli zegazi.

Iiseli ezibomvu ezisempilweni zihlala phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-90 ukuya kwezingama-120. Amalungu omzimba wakho asuse iiseli zegazi ezindala. Ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-erythropoietin (epo) eyenziwe kwizintso zakho ibonisa umongo wethambo lakho ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

IHemoglobin yiprotein ethwala ioksijini ngaphakathi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Inika iiseli ezibomvu zegazi umbala wazo. Abantu abane-anemia abanayo i-hemoglobin eyaneleyo.

Umzimba ufuna iivithamini ezithile, iiminerali, kunye nezondlo ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo. Intsimbi, ivithamini B12, kunye nefolic acid zezona zibaluleke kakhulu. Umzimba usenokunganeli kwezi zondlo ngenxa:

• Utshintsho kumngxunya wesisu okanye amathumbu achaphazela ukuba zifakwe njani izondlo (umzekelo, isifo se-celiac)
• Ukutya okungafanelekanga
• Utyando olususa inxenye yesisu okanye amathumbu

Izizathu ezinokubangela i-anemia zibandakanya:

• Ukunqongophala kwentsimbi
• Ukusilela kweVitamin B12
• Ukusilela komntu
• Amayeza athile
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngaphambi kwesiqhelo (ezinokubangelwa ziingxaki zomzimba)
• Izifo zexesha elide (ezingapheliyo) ezinje ngesifo sezintso ezingapheliyo, umhlaza, isifo sezilonda, okanye isifo samathambo
• Ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia, ezinje nge-thalassemia okanye i-sickle cell anemia, ezinokuzuzwa njengelifa
• Ukukhulelwa
• Iingxaki ngomongo wethambo njenge-lymphoma, leukemia, myelodysplasia, multiple myeloma, okanye aplastic anemia
• Ukuphulukana nokuphuma kwegazi (umzekelo, ukusuka exesheni elinzima okanye izilonda zesisu)
• Ngequbuliso ukulahleka kwegazi

Awunakuba nazimpawu ukuba i-anemia ithambile okanye ukuba ingxaki ikhula kancinci. Iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke kuqala zibandakanya:

• Ukuziva ubuthathaka okanye udiniwe rhoqo kunesiqhelo, okanye ngokwenza umthambo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Iingxaki zokugxila okanye zokucinga
• Ukucaphuka
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ubudenge nokutswina kwezandla neenyawo

Ukuba i-anemia iya isiba mandundu, iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwabamhlophe ngamehlo
• Iinzipho Brittle
• Umnqweno wokutya umkhenkce okanye ezinye izinto ezingezizo zokutya (i-pica syndrome)
• Ubukhaphukhaphu xa uphakama
• Umbala wolusu oluthuthu
• Ukuphefumla kancinci kunye nomsebenzi omninzi okanye nokuba uphumle
• Ulwimi oluvuthayo okanye oluvuthayo
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Ukuphuma ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ukonyuka kokuya esikhathini kwabasetyhini
• Ukuphulukana nomnqweno wesini emadodeni

Umboneleli uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, kwaye unokufumana:

• Intliziyo iyambombozela
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, ngakumbi xa usukuma
• Umkhuhlane omncinci
• Ulusu oluthuthu
• Inqanaba lentliziyo elikhawulezayo

Ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia zinokubangela ezinye iziphumo kuvavanyo lomzimba.

Iimvavanyo zegazi ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-anemia zingabandakanya:

• Amanqanaba egazi esinyithi, ivithamini B12, folic acid, kunye nezinye iivithamini kunye neeminerals
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi
• Ukubala kweReticulocyte

Olunye uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ukufumana iingxaki zonyango ezinokubangela i-anemia.

Unyango kufuneka lubhekiswe kwisizathu se-anemia, kwaye inokubandakanya:

• Utofelo-gazi
• ICorticosteroids okanye amanye amayeza acinezela amajoni omzimba
• I-Erythropoietin, iyeza elinceda umongo wethambo lakho ukuba wenze iiseli ezininzi zegazi
• Izixhobo zentsimbi, ivithamini B12, folic acid, okanye ezinye iivithamini kunye neeminerals

Ukuqaqanjelwa kwegazi ngamandla kunokubangela amanqanaba eoksijini asezantsi kumalungu abalulekileyo anjengentliziyo, kwaye kunokubangela ukusilela kwentliziyo.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu ye-anemia okanye ukopha okungaqhelekanga.

• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi - elliptocytosis
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi - i-spherocytosis
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi-iiseli ezininzi zeerheng
• I-Ovalocytosis
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi - irhengqa kunye nePappenheimer
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ekujolise kuzo iiseli
• IHemoglobin

I-Elghetany MT, i-Schexneider KI, i-Banki K.Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Erythrocytic. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, ii-eds. Ukuchongwa kweKlinikhi kaHenry kunye noLawulo ngeendlela zeLebhu. Umhla we-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 32.

I-Lin JC. Indlela yokufumana i-anemia kumntu omdala kunye nomntwana. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ii-eds. I-Hematology: Imigaqo esisiseko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 34.

Kuthetha i-RT. Indlela eya kwii-anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 149.