I-anemia enobunzima

I-anemia yimeko apho umzimba ungenayo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibonelela ngeoksijini kwizicubu zomzimba. Zininzi iintlobo zeanemia.

I-anemia enobunzima kukuncipha kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezenzeka xa amathumbu engakwazi ukufunxa ivithamini B12 ngokufanelekileyo.

I-anemia enobunzima luhlobo lwevithamini B12 anemia. Umzimba udinga ivithamini B12 ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ufumana le vithamini ngokutya ukutya okufana nenyama, iinkukhu, iqokobhe, amaqanda, kunye neemveliso zobisi.

Iprotein ekhethekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-intrinsic factor (IF), ibopha ivithamini B12 ukuze ingene emathunjini. Le protein ikhutshwa ziiseli esiswini. Xa isisu singenzi ngokwaneleyo ngaphakathi, amathumbu akakwazi ukufunxa ivithamini B12 ngokufanelekileyo.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-anemia eyingozi zibandakanya:

• Ukufakwa kwesisu okubuthathaka (i-atrophic gastritis)
• Isimo sokuzimela komzimba apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela iprotheyini yokwenyani yangaphakathi okanye iiseli eziseludongeni lwesisu sakho ezenzayo.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-anemia eyingozi idluliselwa kwiintsapho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-anemia eyingozi. Iintsana ezinolu hlobo lwe-anemia azenzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingene ngaphakathi. Okanye abakwazi ukufunxa ngokufanelekileyo ivithamini B12 emathunjini amancinci.

Kubantu abadala, iimpawu ze-anemia eyingozi zihlala zingabonakali kude kube semva kweminyaka engama-30. Iminyaka yobudala yokufumana isifo yiminyaka engama-60.

Kungenzeka ukuba usiphuhlise esi sifo ukuba:

• Ngaba yiScandinavia okanye iMntla Yurophu
• Yiba nembali yosapho ngale meko

Izifo ezithile zinokuphakamisa umngcipheko. Ziquka:

• Isifo iAddison
• Isifo samangcwaba
• Hypoparathyroidism
• IHypothyroidism
• IMyasthenia gravis
• Ukuphulukana nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo wama-ovari ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala (ukusilela kwe-ovari yokuqala)
• Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kovavanyo
• Vitiligo
• Isifo seSjögren
• Isifo seHashimoto
• Isifo seCeliac

I-anemia enobungozi nayo inokwenzeka emva kotyando lokudlula esiswini.

Abanye abantu abanazo iimpawu. Iimpawu zinokuba mnene.

Banokubandakanya:

• Urhudo okanye ukuqhina
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukudinwa, ukungabi namandla, okanye ukukhanya xa usima okanye uzimisele
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ulusu oluthuthu (ijaundice ethambileyo)
• Ukuphefumla kancinci, ubukhulu becala ngexesha lokuzilolonga
• Isitshisa
• Ukudumba, ulwimi olubomvu okanye iintsini ezophayo

Ukuba unezinga eliphantsi levithamini B12 ixesha elide, unokonakala kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukudideka
• Ukulahleka kwememori yexesha elifutshane
• Uxinzelelo
• Ukuphulukana nokulingana
• Ubudenge nokutswina ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• Iingxaki zokugxila
• Ukucaphuka
• Ukuba nemibono
• Ulahlekiso
• I-atrophy ye-optic yentsholongwane

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uviwo lomongo wethambo (luyafuneka kuphela ukuba isifo asicacanga)
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ukubala kweReticulocyte
• Inqanaba le-LDH
• Isirum bilirubin
• Inqanaba leMethylmalonic acid (MMA)
• Inqanaba le-Homocysteine ​​(i-amino acid efumaneka egazini)
• Inqanaba leVitamin B12
• Amanqanaba ee-antibodies ngokuchasene ne-IF okanye iiseli ezenza i-IF

Injongo yonyango kukunyusa inqanaba lakho le-vitamin B12:

• Unyango lubandakanya ukudubula ivithamini B12 kanye ngenyanga. Abantu abanamanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu e-B12 banokufuna ukubetha ngakumbi ekuqaleni.
• Abanye abantu banokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuthatha iidosi ezinkulu ze-vitamin B12 ngomlomo.
• Uhlobo oluthile lwevithamini B12 lunokunikwa ngeempumlo.

Uninzi lwabantu luhlala luqhuba kakuhle ngonyango.

Kubalulekile ukuqala unyango kwangoko. Ukonakala kwamathambo kunokuba sisigxina ukuba unyango aluqali kwiinyanga ezi-6 zeempawu.

Abantu abane-anemia eyingozi banokuba neepypyps zesisu. Banamathuba okuba nomhlaza wesisu kunye nesisu esiswini somhlaza.

Abantu abane-anemia eyingozi banamathuba okuphuka ngasemva, umlenze wangasentla, kunye nengalo ephezulu.

Iingxaki zengqondo kunye neenkqubo zovalo zinokuqhubeka okanye zisisigxina ukuba unyango lulibazisekile.

Umfazi okwinqanaba eliphantsi le-B12 unokufumana i-Pap smear engeyiyo. Kungenxa yokuba ukunqongophala kukavithamini B12 kuchaphazela indlela iiseli ezithile (iiseli ze-epithelial) kumlomo wesibeleko.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba uneempawu zokunqongophala kukavithamini B12.

Akukho ndlela yaziwayo yokuthintela olu hlobo lwevithamini B12 anemia. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumanisa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda ukunciphisa iingxaki.

Macrocytic achylic anaemia; Ukuzalwa kwegazi okuyingozi; I-anemia eyingozi; Ukusilela kweVitamin B12 (malabsorption); Anemia - into yangaphakathi; I-Anemia-IF; Anemia - gastritis atrophic; Anemia yegazi; I-Addison anemia

• Megaloblastic anemia-jonga iiseli ezibomvu zegazi

UAntony AC. Iimpawu zeMegaloblastic. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ii-eds. I-Hematology: Imigaqo esisiseko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 39.

UAnusha V. I-anemia ekhathazayo / i-megaloblastic anemia. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Unyango lwangoku lukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2020: 446-448.

I-Elghetany MT, i-Schexneider KI, i-Banki K.Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Erythrocytic. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, ii-eds. Ukuchongwa kweKlinikhi kaHenry kunye noLawulo ngeendlela zeLebhu. Umhla we-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 32.

Kuthetha i-RT. Indlela eya kwii-anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 149.