Iziganeko ezothusayo kunye nabantwana

Omnye kubantwana abane ufumana isiganeko esibuhlungu xa beneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Iziganeko ezothusayo zisongela ubomi kwaye zinkulu kunezo umntwana wakho anokuze abe nazo.

Funda ukuba ubukele ntoni emntwaneni wakho kunye nendlela yokunyamekela umntwana wakho emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu. Fumana uncedo lobuchwephesha ukuba umntwana wakho akachacha.

Umntwana wakho unokufumana isiganeko esibuhlungu sexesha elinye okanye ukwenzakala okuphindaphindiweyo okwenzeka rhoqo kwaye kwakhona.

Imizekelo yeziganeko ezibi zexesha elinye zezi:

• Iintlekele zendalo, ezinje ngesaqhwithi, inkanyamba, umlilo, okanye isikhukula
• Ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo
• Ukubethwa
• Ingqina lidubula okanye lihlabe umntu
• Ukusweleka ngesiquphe komzali okanye umntu okhathalelayo
• Isibhedlele

Imizekelo yeziganeko ezothusayo athi umntwana wakho ahlangabezane nazo amaxesha ngamaxesha yile:

• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo
• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo
• Ubundlobongela bemigulukudu
• Imfazwe
• Iziganeko zobunqolobi

Umntwana wakho unokuba nemvakalelo kwaye uziva:

• Uvalo.
• Ukukhathazeka ngokhuseleko.
• Ndiphazamisekile.
• Irhoxisiwe.
• Ukukhazeka.
• Ukoyika ukulala wedwa ebusuku.
• Ubushushu bomsindo.
• Ukwahlukana, okuyimpendulo egqithileyo neqhelekileyo kwisiganeko esibuhlungu. Umntwana wakho uhlangabezana nengozi ngokurhoxa kwihlabathi. Baziva behlukanisiwe kwaye babona izinto zisenzeka kufutshane nabo ngokungathi azenzeki.

Umntwana wakho unokuba neengxaki zomzimba ezinje:

• Isisu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ingxaki yokulala kunye namaphupha amabi

Umntwana wakho usenokuba usikhumbula isiganeko:

• Ukubona imifanekiso
• Ukukhumbula zonke iinkcukacha zento eyenzekileyo kunye nento abayenzileyo
• Ngaba unesidingo sokubalisa ibali ngokuphindaphindiweyo

Isiqingatha sabantwana abasindayo kwiziganeko ezihlasimlis 'umzimba siza kubonisa iimpawu ze-PTSD. Iimpawu zomntwana ngamnye zahlukile. Ngokubanzi, umntwana wakho unokuba:

• Uloyiko olukhulu
• Imvakalelo zokungancedi
• Ukuziva uphazamisekile kwaye ungalungelelananga
• Ingxaki yokulala
• Ingxaki yokugxila
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Utshintsho kunxibelelwano lwabo nabanye, kubandakanya ukuba ndlongondlongo ngakumbi okanye ukurhoxa ngakumbi

Umntwana wakho unokubuyela kwiindlela zokuziphatha ababeziphumile:

• Ukwaluka ebhedini
• Ukuncamathela
• Ukumunca ubhontsi wabo
• Ukukhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo, ukuxhalaba, okanye uxinzelelo
• Ukwahlukana koxinzelelo

Yazisa umntwana wakho ukuba bakhuselekile kwaye nguwe olawulayo.

• Yazi ukuba umntwana wakho uthatha imikhondo kuwe malunga nendlela yokusabela kwesi siganeko sibuhlungu. Kulungile ukuba ube buhlungu okanye wenzakalise.
• Kodwa umntwana wakho kufuneka azi ukuba nguwe olawulayo kwaye uyabakhusela.

Yazisa umntwana wakho ukuba ubalungele.

• Buyela kwinkqubo yemihla ngemihla ngokukhawuleza. Yenza ishedyuli yokutya, ukulala, isikolo nokudlala. Iinkqubo zemihla ngemihla zinceda abantwana bazi ukuba balindele ntoni kwaye babenze bazive bekhuselekile.
• Thetha nomntwana wakho. Bazise ukuba wenzani ukubakhusela. Phendula imibuzo yabo ngendlela abanokuyiqonda.
• Hlala kufutshane nomntwana wakho. Mabahlale ecaleni kwakho okanye bakubambe ngesandla.
• Yamkela kwaye usebenze nomntwana wakho kwindlela yokuziphatha ebuyiselweyo.

Jonga ulwazi olufunyanwa ngumntwana wakho malunga nomsitho. Cima iindaba zeTV kwaye unciphise iincoko zakho malunga neziganeko eziphambi kwabantwana abancinci.

Ayikho enye indlela abanokuphola ngayo abantwana emva kwezehlo ezibi. Lindela ukuba umntwana wakho abuyele kwimisebenzi yakhe yesiqhelo ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukuba umntwana wakho usenengxaki yokufumana kwakhona emva kwenyanga, fumana uncedo lobungcali. Umntwana wakho uya kufunda ukuba:

• Thetha ngokwenzekileyo. Baza kubalisa amabali abo ngamagama, imifanekiso, okanye umdlalo. Oku kuyabanceda ukuba babone ukuba indlela abasabela ngayo kwingxaki yokwenzakala iqhelekile.
• Ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokulwa ukunceda uloyiko kunye noxinzelelo.

Yazisa ootitshala ngeziganeko ezibuhlungu ebomini bomntwana wakho. Gcina unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo malunga notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha komntwana wakho.

Uxinzelelo-yimeko eyothusayo ebantwaneni

UAugustyn MC, uZukerman BS. Impembelelo yobundlobongela ebantwaneni. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko14.

I-Peinado J, Leiner M.Ukulimala okunxulumene nobundlobongela phakathi kwabantwana. Ku: UFuhrman BP, uZimmerman JJ, ii-eds. UFuhrman kunye noZimmerman's Paediatric Critical Care. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 123.

• Impilo Yengqondo Yomntwana
• Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo