Botulism

IBotulism sisifo esinqabileyo kodwa esibi esibangelwa IClostridium botulinum iintsholongwane. Iibhaktheriya zinokungena emzimbeni ngamanxeba, okanye ngokuzitya kukutya okusemathinini okungalunganga okanye okugciniweyo.

IClostridium botulinum ifumaneka emhlabeni nakumanzi anganyangekiyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ivelisa ama-spores aphila ngokutya okungalondolozwanga okanye okusemathinini, apho avelisa khona ityhefu.Xa kutyiwa, nokuba zincinci iityhefu zingakhokelela kwityhefu enzima. Ukutya okunokungcoliseka yimifuno enkonkxiweyo ekhaya, inyango yehagu ephilileyo kunye neham, ukutshaya okanye intlanzi eluhlaza, kunye nobusi okanye isiraphu yengqolowa, iitapile ezibhakiweyo eziphekwe kwifoyile, ijusi yomnqathe, kunye negalikhi ecoliweyo kwioyile.

I-botulism yeentsana yenzeka xa usana lutya ii-spores kwaye ibhaktiriya ikhula kwithumbu lomntwana. Esona sizathu sixhaphakileyo se-botulism yeentsana kukutya ubusi okanye isiraphu yengqolowa okanye ukusebenzisa iipacifiers ezigqunywe ngobusi obungcolisekileyo.

IClostridium botulinum inokufumaneka ngesiqhelo kwisitulo sabantwana abathile. Iintsana zihlakulela i-botulism xa iibhaktheriya zikhula emathunjini abo.

I-Botulism inokwenzeka kwakhona ukuba ibhaktheriya ingena kumanxeba avulekileyo kwaye ivelise ityhefu apho.

Malunga neziganeko ezili-110 ze-botulism ezenzeka e-United States minyaka le. Uninzi lweziganeko ezisezintsaneni.

Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala kwiiyure ezingama-8 ukuya kwezi-36 emva kokuba utye ukutya okungcoliswe yityhefu. AKUKHO FIVU ngalolu sulelo.

Kubantu abadala, iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Iintlanzi zesisu
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima obunokubangela ukusilela kokuphefumla
• Kunzima ukuginya nokuthetha
• Umbono kabini
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ubuthathaka bokukhubazeka (okulinganayo kumacala omabini omzimba)

Iimpawu kwiintsana zingabandakanya:

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukutsala amathe
• Ukutya okungalunganga kunye nokuncancisa
• Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla
• Ukulila okubuthathaka
• Ubuthathaka, ukulahleka kwethoni yezihlunu

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Kukho iimpawu ze:

• Ukungabikho okanye ukunciphisa i-tendon reflexes ezinzulu
• Ukungabikho okanye ukunciphisa i-gag reflex
• Ukujongwa kweenkophe
• Ukuphulukana nomsebenzi wemisipha, ukuqala phezulu komzimba kunye nokuhla
• Amathumbu akhubazekileyo
• Ukonakala kwentetho
• Ukugcina umchamo ngokungakwazi ukuchama
• Umbono omfiliba
• Akukho fever

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukuchonga ityhefu. Inkcubeko esitulweni nayo inoku-odolwa. Uvavanyo lwelebhu lunokwenziwa kukutya okurhanelwayo ukuqinisekisa i-botulism.

Uya kudinga amayeza ukuze ulwe netyhefu eveliswe yintsholongwane. Iyeza libizwa ngokuba yi-botulinus antitoxin.

Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla. Umbhobho unokufakwa ngempumlo okanye emlonyeni kumbhobho womoya ukubonelela ngendlela yomoya yeoksijini. Unokufuna umatshini wokuphefumla.

Abantu abanengxaki yokuginya banokunikwa ulwelo ngomthambo (nge-IV). Umbhobho wokutya unokufakwa.

Ababoneleli mabaxelele abasemagunyeni bezempilo bakarhulumente okanye amaZiko aseMelika okuLawula nokuThintela izifo malunga nabantu abane-botulism, ukuze ukutya okungcolileyo kususwe ezivenkileni.

Abanye abantu banikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kodwa basenokungasoloko benceda.

Ukunyangwa ngokukhawuleza kunciphisa umngcipheko wokufa.

Iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangelwa yi-botulism zibandakanya:

• Ukuphefumula inyumoniya kunye nosulelo
• Ubuthathaka obuhlala ixesha elide
• Iingxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka-1
• Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-botulism.

UNGAZE unike ubusi okanye isiraphu yengqolowa kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-1 ubudala-nokuba kukungcamla nje kancinci kwi-pacifier.

Thintela i-botulism yeentsana ngokuncancisa kuphela, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Soloko ulahla iinkonkxa okanye ukutya okunuka kakubi okugciniweyo. Ukutya ukutya okusemathinini ngokucinezela ukupheka kwi-250 ° F (121 ° C) kangangemizuzu engama-30 kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-botulism. Ndwendwela amaZiko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwezifo ngolwazi oluthe kratya kukhuseleko lokunkonkxa emakhaya ku-www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/home-canning-and-botulism.html.

Gcina iitapile eziboshwe ngefoyile zishushu okanye kwifriji, hayi kubushushu begumbi. Iioyile ezinegalikhi okanye amanye amayeza kufuneka afrijiwe njengoko kufuneka ijusi yomnqatha. Qiniseka ukuba useta ubushushu befriji kwi-50 ° F (10 ° C) okanye ezantsi.

I-botulism yabantwana

• Iintsholongwane

I-Birch TB, iBleck TP. Unyango (IClostridium botulinum). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 245.

Norton LE, Schleiss MR. Unyango (IClostridium botulinum). Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 237.