Umkhuhlane weQ

Umkhuhlane we-Q sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezisasazeka zizilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nezasendle kunye namakhalane.

Umkhuhlane we-Q ubangelwa yintsholongwane Coxiella burnetii, ezihlala kwizilwanyana zasekhaya ezinjengeenkomo, iigusha, iibhokhwe, iintaka, kunye neekati. Ezinye izilwanyana zasendle kunye namakhalane nazo zithwele ezi ntsholongwane.

Unokufumana umkhuhlane we-Q ngokusela ubisi oluhlaza (olungasetyenziswanga), okanye emva kokuphefumla uthuli okanye amathontsi emoyeni angcoliswe lilindle lezilwanyana elosulelekileyo, igazi, okanye iimveliso zokuzalwa.

Abantu abasemngciphekweni wokosuleleka babandakanya abasebenzi abaxhela, oogqirha bezilwanyana, abaphandi, iiprosesa zokutya, kunye neegusha kunye neenkomo. Amadoda osuleleka rhoqo kunabafazi. Uninzi lwabantu abafumana i-Q fever baphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-70 ubudala.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, esi sifo sichaphazela abantwana, ngakumbi abo bahlala efama. Kubantwana abasulelekileyo abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala, i-Q fever ihlala iqatshelwa ngelixa ikhangela unobangela wenyumoniya.

Iimpawu zihlala zikhula kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 emva kokudibana neebhaktiriya. Eli xesha libizwa ngokuba lixesha lokufukama. Uninzi lwabantu alunazo iimpawu. Abanye banokuba neempawu ezilinganayo ezifana nomkhuhlane. Ukuba iimpawu zenzeka, zinokuhlala iiveki ezininzi.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zingabandakanya:

• Ukukhwehlela okomileyo (ukuvelisa)
• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intlungu edibeneyo (arthralgia)
• Iintlungu zemisipha

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuphuhlisa zibandakanya:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• I-jaundice (ukutyheli kolusu kunye namhlophe ngamehlo)
• Irhashalala

Uvavanyo lomzimba lunokubonisa izandi ezingaqhelekanga (ukuqhekeka) emiphungeni okanye isibindi esandisiweyo kunye udakada. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lesi sifo, kunokuvakala ukukrokra kwentliziyo.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• X-ray yesifuba ukufumana inyumoniya okanye olunye utshintsho
• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela izilwa-buhlungu ukuya Ucoxiella burnetti
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC) ngokwahluka
• Ukuchaphazeleka kwethishu kwizihlunu ezosulelekileyo ukufumanisa ibhaktiriya
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) okanye i-echocardiogram (i-echo) ukujonga intliziyo yotshintsho

Unyango ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane lunokunciphisa ubude besigulo. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aqhele ukusetyenziswa kubandakanya i-tetracycline kunye ne-doxycycline. Abafazi abakhulelweyo okanye abantwana abasenamazinyo abantwana akufuneki bathathe i-tetracycline ngomlomo kuba inokuwaphelisa ngokusisigxina amazinyo akhulayo.

Uninzi lwabantu lubangcono ngonyango. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki zinokuba nzulu kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zisongela nobomi. Umkhuhlane we-Q kufuneka unyangwe ukuba ubange iimpawu.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, umkhuhlane we-Q ubangela usulelo lwentliziyo olunokukhokelela kwiimpawu ezinzima okanye nasekufeni ukuba alunyangwa. Ezinye iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Usulelo lwe-Bone (osteomyelitis)
• Usulelo lobuchopho (encephalitis)
• Usulelo lwesibindi (i-hepatitis engapheliyo)
• Usulelo lwemiphunga (inyumoniya)

Tsalela umnxeba umboneleli wakho ukuba ukhulisa iimpawu ze-Q fever. Biza kwakhona ukuba unyangelwe i-Q fever kwaye ukubuya kweempawu okanye ukukhula kweempawu ezintsha.

Ukunyanzelwa kobisi kutshabalalisa iintsholongwane ezibangela umkhuhlane weQ wokuqala. Izilwanyana zasekhaya kufuneka zihlolwe ukuba azikho na iimpawu ze-Q fever ukuba abantu ababonakalise kubo baneempawu zesi sifo.

• Umlinganiselo wobushushu

I-Bolgiano EB, i-Sexton J. Izigulo ezibangelwa kukukhathaza. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 126.

UHartzell JD, uMarrie TJ, uRaoult D. Coxiella burnetti (Q umkhuhlane). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 188.