Sisasaza isifo sephepha

Isifo sephepha esisasazwayo sisifo se-mycobacterial apho i-mycobacteria isasazeka ukusuka emiphungeni ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba ngegazi okanye ngenkqubo ye-lymph.

Usulelo lwesifo sephepha (i-TB) lunokuvela emva kokuphefumla ngamathontsi afafazwe emoyeni ngenxa yokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla ngumntu osuleleke sesi sifo Isifo sephepha seMicobacterium ibhaktiriya. Usulelo oluba nomphumo lubizwa ngokuba yi-TB ephambili.

Indawo yesiqhelo ye-TB yimiphunga (i-TB yemiphunga), kodwa amanye amalungu angabandakanyeka. E-United States, uninzi lwabantu abanesifo sephepha sokuqala bayangcono kwaye abanabo obunye ubungqina besifo. Ukusasazeka kweTB kuyanda kwinani elincinci labantu abosulelekileyo elinezixokelelwano zokhuselo lomzimba zalo ezingenalo ngempumelelo usulelo lokuqala.

Ukusasazeka kwesifo kunokubakho kwisithuba seeveki zokuqala kosulelo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ayenzeki kude kube yiminyaka emva kokuba wosulelekile. Usengozini yokufumana olu hlobo lwe-TB ukuba umzimba wakho ubuthathaka ngenxa yezifo (ezifana noGawulayo) okanye amayeza athile. Iintsana nabantu abadala abadala basemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Umngcipheko wakho wokufumana i-TB uyanda ukuba:

• Ngaba ujikeleze abantu abanesifo (njengakwihambo zaphesheya)
• Hlala kwindawo ezixineneyo okanye ezingacocekanga
• Yiba nesondlo esifanelekileyo

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokunyusa izinga losulelo lwe-TB eluntwini:

• Ukwanda kosulelo lwe-HIV
• Ukonyuka kwenani labantu abangenamakhaya abanezindlu ezingazinzanga (imeko engalunganga kunye nesondlo)
• Ukuvela kweentlobo ze-TB ezinganyangekiyo ngamachiza

Ukusasazeka kwesifo sephepha kunokuchaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Iimpawu zixhomekeka kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo zomzimba kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Iintlungu zesisu okanye ukudumba
• Ukugodola
• Ukukhwehlela kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane
• Ukudinwa
• Ifiva
• Ukungakhululeki ngokubanzi, ukungonwabi, okanye ukuziva ungonwabanga (malaise)
• Intlungu edibeneyo
• Isikhumba esimdaka ngenxa yeanemia (ipallor)
• Ukubila
• Amadlala adumbileyo
• Ukuhla ukusinda

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Oku kungabonisa:

• Isibindi esidumbileyo
• I-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo
• Udakada odumbileyo

Uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa lubandakanya:

• I-Biopsies kunye neenkcubeko zamalungu achaphazelekayo okanye izicubu
• I-Bronchoscopy ye-biopsy okanye inkcubeko
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-CT kwendawo echaphazelekayo
• I-Fundoscopy ingabonisa izilonda zomzimba
• I-Interferon-gamma ikhupha uvavanyo lwegazi, olufana novavanyo lwe-QFT-Gold ukuvavanya ukuvezwa kwangaphambili kwe-TB
• I-biopsy yemiphunga
• Inkcubeko ye-Mycobacterial yomongo wethambo okanye igazi
• I-biopsy yePleural
• Uvavanyo lwe-Tuberculin yolusu (uvavanyo lwe-PPD)
• Uvavanyo lwesikhohlela kunye neenkcubeko
• Thoracentesis

Injongo yonyango kukunyanga usulelo ngamayeza alwa neentsholongwane ze-TB. Unyango lwe-TB esasazwayo lubandakanya indibaniselwano yamayeza aliqela (ngesiqhelo i-4). Onke amayeza ayaqhubeka de kuvavanyo lwelebhu lubonise ukuba yeyiphi eyona isebenzayo.

Kuya kufuneka uthathe iipilisi ezahlukeneyo kwiinyanga ezi-6 okanye ngaphezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathe iipilisi ngendlela eyalelwe ngumboneleli wakho.

Xa abantu bengawathathi amayeza abo e-TB njengoko kuyalelwe, usulelo kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukunyanga. Intsholongwane ye-TB inokumelana nonyango. Oku kuthetha ukuba amayeza akasasebenzi.

Xa kukho inkxalabo yokuba umntu angangawathathi onke amayeza njengoko ayalelwe, umboneleli unokufuna ukubukela umntu ethatha amayeza amiselweyo. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba ngonyango oluchongiweyo. Kule meko, amayeza anokunikwa kabini okanye kathathu ngeveki, njengoko kumiselwe ngumboneleli.

Kuya kufuneka uhlale ekhaya okanye ungeniswe esibhedlele kangangeeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 ukunqanda ukusasaza esi sifo kwabanye de ungasosuleli.

Umboneleli wakho unokucelwa ngumthetho ukuba axele isigulo sakho se-TB kwisebe lezempilo lasekuhlaleni. Iqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo liza kuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana olona nyango lusemagqabini.

Uninzi lweentlobo ze-TB ezisasazwayo zisabela kakuhle kunyango. Izicubu ezichaphazelekayo, ezinje ngamathambo okanye amalungu, zinokuba nomonakalo osisigxina ngenxa yosulelo.

Iingxaki ze-TB esasazwayo zinokubandakanya:

• Isifo sengqondo sabantu abadala sokuphefumla (ARDS)
• Ukudumba kwesibindi
• Ukungaphumeleli kwemiphunga
• Ukubuya kwesi sifo

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-TB angadala iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kubandakanya:

• Utshintsho kumbono
• Iinyembezi ezi-orenji okanye ezimdaka ngombala kunye nomchamo
• Irhashalala
• Ukudumba kwesibindi

Uvavanyo lombono lunokwenziwa ngaphambi konyango ukuze ugqirha wakho abeke iliso kulo naluphi na utshintsho kwimpilo yamehlo akho.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba uyazi okanye ukrokrela ukuba uchanabeke kwi-TB. Zonke iintlobo zesifo sephepha kunye nokuba sesichengeni kufuna uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo kunye nonyango.

I-TB sisifo esinokuthintelwa, nkqu nakwabo sele bevelele kumntu osulelekileyo. Ukuvavanyelwa i-TB kwesikhumba kusetyenziswa kubantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu okanye kubantu ekusenokwenzeka ukuba bakhe bavezwa sisifo sephepha, njengabasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo.

Abantu abachanabeke kwi-TB kufuneka bavavanywe ulusu kwangoko kwaye benze uvavanyo olulandelayo kamva, ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lokuqala luthi awunayo.

Uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo lolusu luthetha ukuba udibene neentsholongwane ze-TB. Oko akuthethi ukuba unesifo esisebenzayo okanye uyosulela. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokuthintela isifo sephepha.

Unyango olukhawulezileyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukusasazeka kwe-TB kwabo banesifo sephepha esiya kwabo bangazange bosulelwe.

Amanye amazwe anezehlo eziphezulu ze-TB zinika abantu ugonyo (olubizwa ngokuba yi-BCG) lokukhusela i-TB. Ukusebenza kweli chiza kunqunyelwe kwaye akusetyenziswa rhoqo eMelika.

Abantu abane-BCG basenokuvavanyelwa ulusu i-TB. Xoxa ngeziphumo zovavanyo (ukuba zilungile) nomboneleli wakho.

Isifo sephepha; Isifo sephepha - sisasazwa; Isifo sephepha esongezelelweyo

• Isifo sephepha kwizintso
• Isifo sephepha emiphungeni
• Imiphunga yomsebenzi wamalahle - i-x-ray yesifuba
• Isifo sephepha, phambili - esifubeni x-reyi
• Isifo sephepha
• Erythema multiform, izilonda setyhula - izandla
• I-Erythema nodosum enxulunyaniswa nesarcoidosis
• Inkqubo yokujikeleza

U-Ellner JJ, uJacobson KR. Isifo sephepha. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 308.

UFitzgerald DW, uSterling TR, uHaas DW. Isifo sephepha seMicobacterium. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 249.