Isifo sentsholongwane iZika

UZika yintsholongwane egqithiselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa ziingcongconi ezosulelekileyo. Iimpawu zibandakanya umkhuhlane, iintlungu ezidibeneyo, ukukhawuleza, kunye namehlo abomvu (i-conjunctivitis).

Intsholongwane yeZika ibizwa ngegama lehlathi laseZika eUganda, apho intsholongwane yafunyanwa khona okokuqala ngo-1947.

INDLELA ZIKA ANGAHLALEKA NGAYO

Iingcongconi zisasaza intsholongwane yeZika kumntu ukuya emntwini.

• Iingcongconi zifumana intsholongwane xa zitya abantu abosulelekileyo. Baye basasaze intsholongwane xa beluma abanye abantu.
• Iingcongconi ezisasaza iZika zihlobo olufanayo olusasaza umkhuhlane we-dengue kunye ne-virus ye-chikungunya. Ezi ngcongconi zihlala zondla emini.

UZika unokudluliselwa asuke kumama aye kosana lwakhe.

• Oku kunokwenzeka kwisibeleko okanye ngexesha lokuzalwa.
• UZika akafumanekanga esasazeka ngokuncancisa.

Le ntsholongwane inokusasazeka ngokwabelana ngesondo.

• Abantu abaneZika banokusasaza esi sifo kumaqabane abo esini ngaphambi kokuba ziqale iimpawu, ngelixa benempawu, okanye nasemva kokuba iimpawu ziphelile.
• Le ntsholongwane inokudluliselwa ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ngabantu abaneZika abangaze babe neempawu.
• Akukho mntu waziyo ukuba iZika ihlala ixesha elingakanani kwisidoda kunye nolwelo lobufazi, okanye ukuba inokusasazeka kangakanani ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.
• Le ntsholongwane ihlala amadlozi ixesha elide kunamanye amanzi emzimbeni (igazi, umchamo, ulwelo lobufazi).

UZika unokusasazeka nge:

• Utofelo-gazi
• Ukubonakaliswa kwilabhoratri

APHO ZIFUMANEKA IZIKA

Ngaphambi ko-2015, intsholongwane yayifumaneka ikakhulu e-Afrika, kwi-mpuma ye-Asiya nakwiiPacific Islands. Ngo-Meyi ka-2015, intsholongwane yafunyanwa okokuqala eBrazil.

Ngoku sele isasazeke kwiindawo ezininzi, ithi kunye namazwe:

• Iziqithi zeCaribbean
• UMbindi Merika
• Mekhsikho
• amazantsi Emelika
• Iziqithi zePacific
• Afrika

Le ntsholongwane yaqinisekiswa ePuerto Rico, eAmerican Samoa nase-United States Virgin Islands.

Esi sifo sifunyenwe kubahambi abaza eMelika bevela kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo. IZika ikwafunyaniswe kwenye indawo eFlorida, apho intsholongwane isasazwa ziingcongconi.

Bamalunga nesi-1 kwaba-5 abantu abosuleleke yintsholongwane kaZika abaya kuba neempawu. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuba noZika kwaye ungazi.

Iimpawu zihlala zivela kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-7 emva kokulunywa yingcongconi esulelekileyo. Ziquka:

• Ifiva
• Irhashalala
• Intlungu edibeneyo
• Amehlo abomvu (conjunctivitis)
• Intlungu yezihlunu
• Intloko ebuhlungu

Iimpawu zihlala ziphakathi, kwaye zihlala iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya evekini ngaphambi kokuba zihambe ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba unempawu zeZika kwaye usandula ukuya kwindawo apho intsholongwane ikhoyo, umboneleli wakho wezempilo angenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga iZika. Unokuvavanywa nakwezinye iintsholongwane ezisasazeka ngeengcongconi, ezinjenge-dengue kunye ne-chikungunya.

Akukho lunyango kuZika. Njengentsholongwane yomkhuhlane, kufuneka iqhube ikhosi yayo. Unokuthatha amanyathelo okunceda ukukhulula iimpawu:

• Phuza ulwelo oluninzi ukuze uhlale unamanzi.
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo.
• Thatha i-acetaminophen (iTylenol) ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nomkhuhlane.
• Sukuthatha i-aspirin, ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), okanye naziphi na ezinye iziyobisi ezichasayo (i-NSAIDs) de umboneleli wakho aqinisekise ukuba awunayo i-dengue. La mayeza anokubangela ukopha kubantu abanedengue.

Usulelo lweZika ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela imeko enqabileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-microcephaly. Kwenzeka xa ingqondo ingakhuli njengoko kufanelekile esibelekweni okanye emva kokuzalwa kwaye ibangela ukuba abantwana bazalwe benentloko encinci kuneqhelekileyo.

Uphando olunzulu lwenziwa ngoku ukuqonda indlela intsholongwane enokuthi isasaze ngayo ukusuka koomama iye kwiintsana ezingekazalwa kunye nendlela intsholongwane enokuthi ibachaphazele ngayo abantwana.

Abanye abantu abosuleleke nguZika baye kamva bavela nesifo seGuillain-Barré. Akucaci ukuba kutheni le nto ingenzeka.

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba uhlakulela iimpawu zeZika. Yazisa umboneleli wakho ukuba ngaba ukhe wahambela kutshanje kwindawo esasazeka kuyo intsholongwane. Umboneleli wakho angenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga iZika kunye nezinye izifo ezithwala iingcongconi.

Shayela umnikezeli wakho ukuba wena okanye iqabane lakho uye waya kwindawo apho iZika ikhoyo, okanye uhlala kwindawo eneZika kwaye ukhulelwe okanye ucinga ngokukhulelwa.

Akukho sitofu sokukhusela iZika. Eyona ndlela yokuphepha ukufumana intsholongwane kukuphepha ukulunywa ziingcongconi.

I-CDC icebisa ukuba bonke abantu abahamba kwiindawo apho iZika ikhoyo bathathe amanyathelo okuzikhusela kulumko lweengcongconi.

• Gquma ngemikhono emide, iibhulukhwe ezinde, iikawusi, nomnqwazi.
• Sebenzisa iimpahla ezifakwe ipermethrin.
• Sebenzisa into yokugxotha izinambuzane nge-DEET, picaridin, IR3535, ioyile yeemon eucalyptus, okanye ipara-menthane-diol. Xa usebenzisa i-sunscreen, gxotha izinambuzane emva kokuthambisa i-sunscreen.
• Lala kwigumbi elinomoya opholileyo okanye ngeefestile ezineescreen. Jonga izikrini kwimingxunya emikhulu.
• Susa amanzi amileyo nakweyiphi na izikhongozeli ezingaphandle ezinje ngamabhakethi, iimbiza zeentyatyambo kunye neebhafu zeentaka.
• Ukuba ulele ngaphandle, lala phantsi komnatha weengcongconi.

Xa ubuya kuhambo oluya kwindawo eneZika, kuya kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo okuthintela ukulunywa yingcongconi iiveki ezintathu. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba awuyisasazi iZika kwiingcongconi kwindawo yakho.

I-CDC yenza ezi ngcebiso kubafazi abakhulelweyo:

• Musa ukuya nakweyiphi na indawo apho kwenzeka khona intsholongwane iZika.
• Ukuba kuya kufuneka uye kwenye yezi ndawo, thetha nomboneleli wakho kuqala kwaye ulandele ngokungqongqo amanyathelo okuthintela ukulunywa yingcongconi ngexesha lokuhamba kwakho.
• Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye uye waya kwindawo apho iZika ikhoyo, xelela umboneleli wakho.
• Ukuba uhamba waya kwindawo eneZika, kuya kufuneka uvavanyelwe iZika ngaphakathi kweeveki ezi-2 zokubuyela ekhaya, nokuba unayo okanye awunayo impawu.
• Ukuba uhlala kwindawo eneZika, kuya kufuneka uthethe nomboneleli wakho ngalo lonke ixesha ukhulelwe. Uya kuvavanywa iZika ngexa lokukhulelwa kwakho.
• Ukuba uhlala kwindawo eneZika kwaye uneempawu zeZika ngalo naliphi na ixesha ukhulelwe, kuya kufuneka uvavanyelwe iZika.
• Ukuba iqabane lakho lisandula ukuya kwindawo apho iZika ikhoyo, yeka isondo okanye usebenzise iikhondom ngokuchanekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha usabelana ngesondo ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa kwakho. Oku kubandakanya isondo kwilungu lobufazi, ezimpundu, kunye nomlomo (emlonyeni-ukuya-kwilungu lobudoda okanye kwi-fallatio).

I-CDC yenza ezi ngcebiso kubafazi abazama ukukhulelwa:

• Musa ukuya kwiindawo kunye neZika.
• Ukuba kuya kufuneka uye kwenye yezi ndawo, thetha nomboneleli wakho kuqala kwaye ulandele ngokungqongqo amanyathelo okuthintela ukulunywa yingcongconi ngexesha lokuhamba kwakho.
• Ukuba uhlala kwindawo eneZika, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nezicwangciso zakho zokuba ukhulelwe, umngcipheko wokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaZika ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, kunye nokuvezwa liqabane lakho kwiZika.
• Ukuba unempawu zentsholongwane yeZika, kuya kufuneka ulinde ubuncinci iinyanga ezimbini emva kokuba wosulelekile okanye wafunyanwa uneZika ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa.
• Ukuba ukhe waya kwindawo apho iZika ikhoyo, kodwa ungenazimpawu zeZika, kuya kufuneka ulinde iinyanga ezi-2 ubuncinci emva komhla wokugqibela wokuvezwa kwakho ukuzama ukukhulelwa.
• Ukuba iqabane lakho lendoda liye kwindawo enobungozi beZika kwaye alinazimpawu zeZika, kuya kufuneka ulinde ubuncinci iinyanga ezintathu emva kokubuya kwakhe ukuzama ukukhulelwa.
• Ukuba iqabane lakho eliyindoda liye kwindawo enobungozi beZika kwaye liphuhlise iimpawu zeZika, kuya kufuneka ulinde ubuncinci iinyanga ezintathu emva komhla aqala ngawo iimpawu zakhe okanye umhla awafunyanwa ukuba uzama ukukhulelwa.

I-CDC yenza ezi ngcebiso kubafazi nakumaqabane abo abangazamiyo ukukhulelwa:

• Amadoda aneempawu zeZika akufuneki abelane ngesondo okanye kufuneka asebenzise iikhondom ubuncinci iinyanga ezintathu emva kokuqala kweempawu okanye umhla wokuchongwa.
• Abasetyhini abaneempawu zeZika akufuneki babelane ngesondo okanye kufuneka basebenzise iikhondom ubuncinci kwiinyanga ezi-2 emva kokuqala kweempawu okanye umhla wokuchongwa.
• Amadoda angenazo iimpawu zeZika akufuneki abelane ngesondo okanye kufuneka asebenzise iikhondom ubuncinci iinyanga ezintathu emva kokufika ekhaya bevela kwindawo eneZika.
• Abasetyhini abangenazo iimpawu zeZika akufuneki babelane ngesondo okanye kufuneka basebenzise iikhondom kangangeenyanga ezi-2 emva kokubuya ekhaya bevela kwindawo eneZika.
  
• Amadoda nabasetyhini abahlala kwiindawo ezineZika akufuneki babelane ngesondo okanye kufuneka basebenzise iikhondom ngalo lonke ixesha uZika ekule ndawo.

I-Zika ayinakusasazeka emva kokuba idlulile intsholongwane emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba uZika uhlala ixesha elingakanani kulwelo lobufazi okanye amadlozi.

Iindawo apho i-virus ye-Zika ivela khona inokutshintsha, ke qiniseka ukuba ujonga iwebhusayithi ye-CDC kululuhlu lwamva nje lwamazwe achaphazelekayo kunye neengcebiso zokuhamba zakutshanje.

Bonke abahambi abaya emngciphekweni weZika kufuneka bakuphephe ukulunywa yingcongconi iiveki ezintathu emva kokubuya, ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweZika kwiingcongconi ezinokusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye abantu.

Usulelo lwe-Zika virus; Zika virus; Zika

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. UZika e-US. www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 7, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 1, 2020.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye neZika. www.cdc.gov/zika/pregnancy/protect-yourself.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 26, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 1, 2020.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Zikhusele kunye nabanye. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/protect-yourself-and-others.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 21, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 1, 2020.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Abasetyhini kunye namaqabane abo bazama ukukhulelwa. www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/zika/women-and-their-partners.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 26, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 1, 2020.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Intsholongwane kaZika yababoneleli ngezempilo: Uvavanyo lweklinikhi kunye nezifo. www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/paring-for-zika/clinicalevaluationdisease.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 28, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 1, 2020.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Intsholongwane kaZika: iimpawu, uvavanyo, kunye nonyango. www.cdc.gov/zika/symptoms/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 3, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 1, 2020.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Intsholongwane yeZika: iindlela zokudlulisa. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/transmission-methods.html.Ukuhlaziywa ngoJulayi 24, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 1, 2020.

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