Ukudumba kwenwebu yengqondo

I-Meningitis sisifo seembrane ezigubungele ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo. Esi sigqubuthelo sibizwa ngokuba zii-meninges.

Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo be-meningitis zizifo zentsholongwane. Ezi zifo zihlala zingcono ngaphandle konyango. Kodwa, usulelo lwe-bacterial meningitis lubaluleke kakhulu. Banokubangela ukufa okanye ukonakala kwengqondo, nokuba bayanyangwa.

I-Meningitis inokubangelwa:

• Ukucaphuka kwemichiza
• Ukwahlukana neziyobisi
• Ngunda
• IiParasites
• Amathumba

Zininzi iintlobo zeentsholongwane zingabangela i-meningitis:

• I-Enteroviruses: Ezi ziintsholongwane ezinokubangela ukugula kwamathumbu.
• Iintsholongwane zeHerpes: Ezi ziintsholongwane ezifanayo ezinokubangela izilonda ezibandayo kunye neherpes zangasese. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanezilonda ezibandayo okanye i-herpes yangasese abanalo ithuba eliphezulu lokuphuhlisa i-herpes meningitis.
• Ukuqubuka kunye neentsholongwane ze-HIV.
• Intsholongwane yeNayile yeNtshonalanga: Le ntsholongwane isasazeka ngokulunywa yingcongconi kwaye ngumba obalulekileyo wesifo se-viral meningitis kuninzi lwe-United States.

I-Enteroviral meningitis yenzeka ngokufuthi kune-bacterial meningitis kwaye inobulali. Ihlala yenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla kwangoko. Ihlala ichaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni (photophobia)
• Umkhuhlane omncinci
• Ukukhathazeka esiswini kunye nesifo sohudo
• Ukudinwa

Ibacterial meningitis ingxamisekileyo. Uya kudinga unyango kwangoko esibhedlele. Iimpawu zihlala ziza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zingabandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Ukutshintsha kwemeko yengqondo
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intamo elukhuni

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubakho nesi sifo:

• Ukuphazamiseka
• Iifonti ezikhulayo kwiintsana
• Ukuhla kwesilumkiso
• Ukutya okungalunganga okanye ukucaphuka ebantwaneni
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• Ukuma okungaqhelekanga, kunye nentloko nentamo egobele ngasemva (opisthotonos)

Awunakuxela ukuba ngaba une-bacterial or viral meningitis ngendlela oziva ngayo. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo kufuneka afumane unobangela. Yiya kwisebe likaxakeka esibhedlele kwangoko ukuba ucinga ukuba uneempawu ze-meningitis.

Umboneleli wakho uya kukuvavanya. Oku kungabonisa:

• Ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
• Ifiva
• Ukutshintsha kwemeko yengqondo
• Intamo elukhuni

Ukuba umboneleli ucinga ukuba une-meningitis, i-lumbar puncture (impompo yomqolo) kufuneka yenziwe ukususa isampulu yomgogodla (i-cerebrospinal fluid, okanye i-CSF) yokuvavanywa.

Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Inkcubeko yegazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuvavanywa kwentloko kwe-CT

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-bacterial meningitis. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awanyangi i-meningitis yentsholongwane. Kodwa amayeza antiviral anokunikwa abo bane-herpes meningitis.

Olunye unyango luya kubandakanya:

• Ulwelo ngomthambo (IV)
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu, ezinje ngokudumba kwengqondo, ukothuka kunye nokuxhuzula

Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunye nokunyangwa kwe-bacterial meningitis kubalulekile ukukhusela umonakalo osisigxina we-neurological. I-virus ye-meningitis ihlala ingabalulekanga, kwaye iimpawu kufuneka zinyamalale kwiiveki ezi-2 kungekho ngxaki zingapheliyo.

Ngaphandle konyango olukhawulezileyo, i-meningitis inokubangela oku kulandelayo:

• Umonakalo wobuchopho
• Ukwakhiwa kolwelo phakathi kolukakayi kunye nengqondo (ukungasebenzi komhlaba)
• Ukuphulukana nokuva
• Ukwakhiwa kolwelo ngaphakathi kolukakayi olukhokelela kukudumba kwengqondo (i-hydrocephalus)
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukufa

Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-meningitis, fumana uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Unyango lwakwangoko lubalulekile kwisiphumo esihle.

Amachiza athile anokunceda ukuthintela ezinye iintlobo zebacteria meningitis:

• Isitofu sokugonya seHaemophilus (isitofu sokugonya seHiB) esinikwa abantwana siyanceda
• Ugonyo lwe-Pneumococcal lunikwa abantwana kunye nabantu abadala
• Ukugonywa Meningococcal inikwa abantwana kunye nabantu abadala; Olunye uluntu lubambe imikhankaso yokugonya emva kokuqhambuka kwenwebu yengqondo yenwebu yobuchopho.

Amalungu osapho kunye nabanye abanxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nabantu abane-meningococcal meningitis kufuneka bafumane i-antibiotics ukuthintela ukusuleleka.

Meningitis - intsholongwane; Meningitis - wentsholongwane; Meningitis - ngundo; Meningitis - isitofu sokugonya

• I-Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - ukukhutshwa

• Uphawu lukaBrudzinski lwe-meningitis
• Uphawu lukaKernig lwe-meningitis
• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar (impompo yomqolo)
• Imenyu yengqondo
• Iimenges zomqolo
• Haemophilus influenzae umzimba

I-Hasbun R, iVan de Beek D, iBrouwer MC, iTunkel AR. I-meningitis efanelekileyo. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 87.

Nath A.Imeningitis: ibhaktiriya, intsholongwane, kunye nezinye. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 384.