Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi - amphetamines

Ii-Amphetamines sisiyobisi. Zingaba semthethweni okanye zingekho mthethweni. Zisemthethweni xa zichazwe ngugqirha kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iingxaki zempilo ezinje ngokutyeba, i-narcolepsy, okanye ukunqongophala kwengqwalaselo yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ADHD). Sebenzisa ii-amphetamines kunokukhokelela ekubeni likhoboka.

Ii-Amphetamines azikho semthethweni xa zisetyenziswa ngaphandle kokuyalelwa ukuba kunyuswe okanye kuphuculwe ukusebenza. Kule meko, baziwa njengezitalato, okanye iziyobisi zokuzonwabisa, kwaye ukuzisebenzisa kungakhokelela ekubeni likhoboka. Eli nqaku lichaza eli candelo le-amphetamines.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-amphetamine zesitalato. Eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinye zegama lazo:

• I-Amphetamine: goey, louee, isantya, phezulu, whiz
• I-Dextroamphetamine (iyeza le-ADHD elisetyenziswe ngokungekho mthethweni): iideksi, isantya somntwana, iipilisi zepep, ngaphezulu ubuhle obumnyama (xa budityaniswe neamphetamine)
• I-Methamphetamine (ifom eqinileyo ye-crystal): isiseko, i-crystal, i-d-meth, ngokukhawuleza, iglasi, iqhwa, i-meth, isantya, i-whiz, i-wax ecocekileyo
• I-Methamphetamine (ifom engamanzi): igazi lengwe, ebomvu ebomvu, igazi lenkomo, isantya esibomvu

Ii-amphetamines ezingekho mthethweni ziza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Iipilisi kunye neepilisi
• Umgubo kunye nokuncamathisela
• Crystal
• Ulwelo

Zingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Uginye
• Ukutsalwa kwiintsini
• Ukungeniswa ngeempumlo (kuhluthwa)
• Ingene emthanjeni (ukudubula)
• Ukutshaya

Ii-Amphetamines sisiyobisi esikhuthazayo. Benza imiyalezo phakathi kwengqondo yakho nomzimba uhambe ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yoko, ulumkile kwaye usebenza ngokomzimba. Abanye abantu basebenzisa ii-amphetamines ukubanceda bahlale bephaphile emsebenzini okanye bafundele uvavanyo. Abanye bazisebenzisa ukuphucula ukusebenza kwabo kwezemidlalo.

Ii-Amphetamines zikwabangela ukuba nengqondo ikhuphe i-dopamine. I-Dopamine yikhemikhali echaphazelekayo kwiimvakalelo, ukucinga nokuhamba. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yimichiza yengqondo elungileyo. Sebenzisa ii-amphetamines kunokubangela iziphumo ezinje ngezi:

• Uvuyo (euphoria, okanye "flash" okanye "rush") kunye nokuthintela kancinci, kufana nokunxila
• Uziva ngathi ukucinga kwakho kucace gca
• Uziva ngakumbi kulawulo, ukuzithemba
• Ukufuna ukuba kunye nokuthetha nabantu (ngakumbi ubudlelwane)
• Ukwanda kwamandla

Ngokukhawuleza ukuba uzive njani iziphumo zeamphetamines kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo:

• Ukutshaya okanye ukujova emthanjeni (ukudubula): Iziphumo ("ukukhawulezisa") ziqala kwangoko kwaye zinamandla kwaye zihlala imizuzu embalwa.
• Ukurhona: Iziphumo ("eziphakamileyo") ziqala kwimizuzu emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5, azinamandla kangako kunokutshaya okanye ukujova, kwaye zihlala imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30.
• Kuthathwe ngomlomo: Iziphumo ("eziphakamileyo") ziqala kwimizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20 kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kunokutshaya, ukujova, okanye ukukorobha, kuxhomekeke ekubeni kuthathwe malini.

Ii-Amphetamines zinokwenzakalisa umzimba ngeendlela ezininzi, kwaye zikhokelele ku:

• Umnqweno wokunciphisa ukutya kunye nokwehla kobunzima
• Iingxaki zentliziyo njengokukhawuleza kwentliziyo, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, ukonyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo
• Ubushushu bomzimba obuphakamileyo kunye nokugungxula ulusu
• Iingxaki zokuphulukana nenkumbulo zicinga ngokucacileyo, kunye nokubetha
• Iingxaki zemood kunye neemvakalelo ezinje ngokuziphatha gwenxa okanye ubundlobongela, uxinzelelo kunye nokuzibulala
• Umbono oqhubekayo kunye nokungakwazi ukuxelela into eyinyani
• Ukuphumla nokungcangcazela
• Izilonda zolusu
• Iingxaki zokulala
• Ukubola kwamazinyo (umlomo wemeth)
• Ukufa

Abantu abasebenzisa la machiza, ngakumbi i-methamphetamine, banethuba eliphezulu lokufumana i-HIV kunye ne-hepatitis B kunye no-C. Oku kungenziwa ngokwabelana ngeenaliti ezisetyenzisiweyo nomntu onesifo. Okanye, kunokuba kukulala ungakhuselekanga kuba ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunokukhokelela ekuziphatheni okuyingozi.

Ii-Amphetamines zinokubangela iziphene zokuzalwa xa zithathwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwakhona, iziyobisi ezitalatweni azikhuselekanga ngexa lokuncancisa.

Ngokwesiqhelo awunakuba likhoboka lamayeza ka-amphetamines xa uwathatha kumthamo ofanelekileyo ukunyanga imeko yakho yezempilo.

Iziyobisi zenzeka xa usebenzisa ii-amphetamines ukufumana phezulu okanye ukuphucula ukusebenza. Ukuba likhoboka kuthetha ukuba umzimba nengqondo yakho zixhomekeke kwichiza. Awunakho ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwaye uyayidinga ukuze uphumelele kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Umlutha ungakhokelela ekunyamezelweni. Ukunyamezelana kuthetha ukuba ufuna ngakumbi nangakumbi iziyobisi ukuze ufumane iimvakalelo ezifanayo. Kwaye ukuba uzama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa, ingqondo nomzimba wakho unokuba neempendulo. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu zokurhoxa, kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Ukunqwenela ngamandla ichiza
• Ukuba neemvakalelo eziguqukayo ukusuka ekuziva udandathekile ukuya ekuxhalabeni
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe imini yonke
• Ayikwazi ukugxila
• Ukubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo (i-hallucinations)
• Ukuphendula ngokwasemzimbeni kunokubandakanya iintloko eziqaqambayo, iintlungu kunye neentlungu, ukonyuka kokutya, ukungalali kakuhle

Unyango luqala ngokwazi ukuba kukho ingxaki. Nje ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba ufuna ukwenza into malunga nokusebenzisa iziyobisi, inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumana uncedo kunye nenkxaso.

Iinkqubo zonyango zisebenzisa iindlela zokutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha ngokucebisa (ukuthetha ngonyango). Injongo kukukunceda uqonde indlela oziphethe ngayo kwaye kutheni usebenzisa ii-amphetamines. Ukubandakanya usapho kunye nabahlobo ngexesha lokucebisa kunokukunceda kukuxhase kwaye kukugcine ungabuyeli ekusebenziseni (ukubuyela umva).

Ukuba unempawu ezinzima zokurhoxa, kuya kufuneka uhlale kwinkqubo yonyango lokuhlala ngaphakathi. Apho, impilo kunye nokukhuseleka kwakho kunokujongwa njengoko uchacha.

Ngeli xesha, akukho yeza elinokunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-amphetamines ngokuthintela iziphumo zazo. Kodwa, izazinzulu ziphanda amayeza anjalo.

Njengoko uchacha, jolisa koku kulandelayo ukukunceda ukuthintela ukubuyela umva:

• Qhubeka uye kwiiseshoni zakho zonyango.
• Fumana imisebenzi emitsha kunye neenjongo zokutshintsha ezo zibandakanya ukusebenzisa kwakho iziyobisi.
• Chitha ixesha elininzi nosapho kunye nabahlobo ophulukene nabo xa ubusebenzisa. Cinga ukungababoni abahlobo abasasebenzisayo.
• Zilolonge kwaye utye ukutya okusempilweni.Ukuhoya umzimba wakho kuyanceda ukuba uphile kwiziphumo eziyingozi zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Uya kuziva ungcono, nawe.
• Gwema izinto ezibangela. Aba banokuba ngabantu obusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nabo. Zingaba ziindawo, izinto, okanye iimvakalelo ezinokukwenza ufune ukusebenzisa kwakhona.

Izixhobo ezinokukunceda kwindlela yakho yokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo zibandakanya:

• Ubambiswano lwaBantwana abangenazo iziyobisi - drugfree.org/
• UbomiRing- www.lifering.org/
• Ukubuyiswa kweSMart- www.smartrecovery.org/
• Iziyobisi ezingaziwayo - www.na.org/

Inkqubo yakho yokuncedisa abasebenzi emsebenzini (EAP) ikwangumthombo olungileyo.

Biza ixesha lokubonana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ulikhoboka leamphetamines kwaye ufuna uncedo lokuyeka ukusebenzisa. Fowunela kwakhona ukuba uneempawu zokurhoxa ezikukhathazayo.

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi - amphetamines; Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi - amphetamines; Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi - amphetamines

IKowalchuk A, iRed BC. Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Incwadi yesikhokelo samayeza osapho. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 50.

IZiko leLizwe lewebhusayithi yokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi. Imethamphetamine. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/what-methamphetamine. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Okthobha i-2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJuni 26, 2020.

I-Weiss RD. Iziyobisi zokuxhatshazwa. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 31.

• Iziyobisi zeqela
• Imethamphetamine