Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wedlala lesinyi

Ukuhlolwa komhlaza kunokunceda ukufumana iimpawu zomhlaza kwaphambi kwexesha, ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele naziphi na iimpawu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukufumana umhlaza kwangethuba kwenza kube lula ukunyanga okanye ukunyanga. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku akucaci ukuba ukuhlolwa komhlaza wedlala lobudoda kuluncedo kuninzi lwamadoda. Ngesi sizathu, kuya kufuneka uthethe nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuvavanywa komhlaza wedlala lobubovu.

Uvavanyo lwe-Prostate-antigen (PSA) luvavanyo lwegazi olujonga inqanaba le-PSA egazini lakho.

• Ngamanye amaxesha, inqanaba eliphezulu le-PSA linokuthetha ukuba unomdlavuza webele.
• Kodwa ezinye iimeko zinokubangela inqanaba eliphezulu, njengosulelo kwiprostate okanye kwi-Prostate eyandisiweyo. Unokufuna olunye uvavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza na.
• Olunye uvavanyo lwegazi okanye iprostate biopsy inokunceda ekuchongeni umhlaza ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lwe-PSA luphezulu.

Uvavanyo lwe-rectal rectal (DRE) luvavanyo apho umboneleli wakho afaka khona umgcobho, uthambise umnwe kwi-rectum yakho. Oku kuvumela umboneleli ukuba ajonge i-Prostate ukuba anamaqhuma okanye iindawo ezingaqhelekanga. Uninzi lomhlaza alunakuva ngolu hlobo loviwo, ubuncinci kwinqanaba lokuqala.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-PSA kunye ne-DRE zenziwa kunye.

Ukujonga iimvavanyo, ezinje nge-ultrasound okanye i-MRI ayenzi umsebenzi ochanekileyo wokujonga umhlaza wedlala lobudoda.

Isibonelelo salo naluphi na uvavanyo lokuvavanywa komhlaza kukufumana umhlaza kwangoko, xa kulula ukunyanga. Kodwa ixabiso lokuvavanywa kwe-PSA yomhlaza wedlala lobudoda lixoxwa. Akukho mpendulo inye elingana nawo onke amadoda.

Umhlaza wedlala lesinyi kaninzi ukhula kancinci. Amanqanaba e-PSA angaqala ukunyuka iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza ubangele naziphi na iimpawu okanye iingxaki. Kuqheleke kakhulu njengamadoda ubudala. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza awuyi kubangela naziphi na iingxaki okanye unciphise ubomi bendoda.

Ngezi zizathu, akucaci ukuba izibonelelo zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo zingaphezulu komngcipheko okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokunyangwa komhlaza wamadlala wakuba ufumanekile.

Kukho ezinye izinto onokucinga ngazo ngaphambi kokuba ube novavanyo lwe-PSA:

• Ixhala. Amanqanaba e-PSA aphakamileyo awathethi ukuba unomhlaza. Ezi ziphumo kunye nemfuno yokuqhubeka kovavanyo kunokubangela uloyiko kunye noxinzelelo oluninzi, nokuba awunawo umhlaza wedlala lobudoda.
• Iziphumo ezivela kuvavanyo oluqhubekayo. Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwe-PSA luphezulu kunesiqhelo, unokufuna ukuba ube nenye okanye ii-biopsies ezininzi ukuze uqiniseke. I-biopsy ikhuselekile, kodwa inokubangela iingxaki ezinjengosulelo, iintlungu, umkhuhlane, okanye igazi kwi-semen okanye kumchamo.
• Ukugqithisa. Uninzi lwee-cancer zomhlaza aluzukuchaphazela ubomi bakho obuqhelekileyo. Kodwa ekubeni kungenakwenzeka ukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo, uninzi lwabantu lufuna ukufumana unyango. Unyango lomhlaza lunokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi, kubandakanya iingxaki zokulungiswa kunye nokuchama. Ezi ziphumo zecala zinokubangela iingxaki ngakumbi kunomhlaza onganyangekiyo.

Ukulinganisa inqanaba le-PSA kungonyusa ithuba lokufumana umhlaza wedlala lobudoda xa kuselithuba. Kodwa kukho impikiswano malunga nexabiso lovavanyo lwe-PSA lokufumana umhlaza wedlala lobudoda. Akukho mpendulo inye elingana nawo onke amadoda.

Ukuba uneminyaka engama-55 ukuya kwengama-69 ubudala, ngaphambi kokuvavanywa, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zokufumana uvavanyo lwe-PSA. Buza malunga:

• Nokuba ukuvavanywa kunciphisa ithuba lakho lokufa ngenxa yomhlaza webele.
• Nokuba kukho nasiphi na isenzakaliso esivela ekuvavanyweni komhlaza wedlala lobudoda, ezinje ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kuvavanyo okanye kunyango lomhlaza xa ufunyenwe.
• Nokuba unomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wedlala lobudoda kunabanye.

Ukuba uneminyaka engama-55 okanye umncinci, ukuhlolwa akukwacetyiswa ngokubanzi. Kuya kufuneka uthethe nomboneleli wakho ukuba unomngcipheko ophezulu wesifo somhlaza. Izinto zomngcipheko zibandakanya:

• Ukuba nembali yosapho yomhlaza wesibeletho (ngakumbi umzalwana okanye utata)
• Ukuba ngumAfrika waseMelika

Kumadoda amadala kuneminyaka yobudala engama-70, uninzi lweengcebiso zichasene nokuhlolwa.

Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wedlala lesinyi - PSA; Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wedlala lesinyi - uvavanyo lwe-rectal rectal; Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wedlala lesinyi - DRE

UCarter HB. Isikhokelo seAmerican Urological Association (AUA) isikhokelo ekufumaneni umhlaza wedlala lobudoda: inkqubo kunye nengqiqo. BJU Int. Ngo-2013; 112 (5): 543-547. IINKCUKACHA: 23924423 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23924423/.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wesibeletho (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-creening-pdq#section/all. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Okthobha 29, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Novemba 3, 2020.

UNelson WG, uAntonarakis ES, uCarter HB, uDeMarzo AM, uDeWeese TL. Umhlaza wedlala lobudoda. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 81.

Umsebenzi woKhuseleko kwi-US, uGrossman DC, uCurry SJ, et al. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wedlala lobudoda: Ingxelo yengcebiso yamandla okhuseleko e-US. JAMA. 2018; 319 (18): 1901-1913. IINKCUKACHA: 29801017 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29801017/.

• Ukuvavanywa koMhlaza weSifo seProstate