Dermatitis ephezulu

I-atopic dermatitis sisifo sexesha elide (esingapheliyo) solusu esibandakanya isikhumba kunye nerhashalala. Luhlobo lwe-eczema.

Ezinye iifom ze-eczema zibandakanya:

• Nxibelelana nesikhumba
• I-Dyshidrotic eczema
• I-eczema ebambekayo
• I-seborrheic dermatitis

I-atopic dermatitis ngenxa yempendulo eluswini. Impendulo ikhokelela ekurhawuzeleleni okuqhubekayo, ukudumba kunye nokubomvu. Abantu abane-atopic dermatitis banokuba novakalelo ngakumbi kuba ulusu lwabo alunazo iiproteni ezithile ezigcina isithintelo solusu emanzini.

I-atopic dermatitis ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana. Inokuqala ukuqala kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6 ubudala. Abantu abaninzi bayayikhupha ngenxa yokuba ngabantu abadala.

Abantu abane-atopic dermatitis bahlala be-asthma okanye i-allergies yexesha elithile. Rhoqo kukho imbali yosapho i-allergies efana ne-asthma, hay fever, okanye i-eczema. Abantu abane-atopic dermatitis bahlala bevavanya uvavanyo lwe-allergies lolusu. Nangona kunjalo, i-atopic dermatitis ayibangelwa kukungabikho komzimba.

Oku kulandelayo kunokwenza ukuba iimpawu ze-atopic dermatitis zibe mbi:

• Ubundlobongela kumungu, umngundo, uthuli okanye izilwanyana
• Umoya obandayo nolomileyo ebusika
• Umkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane
• Ukuqhagamshelana ne-irritants kunye neekhemikhali
• Ukudibana nezinto ezirhabaxa, ezinje ngoboya
• Ulusu olomileyo
• Uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo
• Ukomisa ulusu ekuhlambeni rhoqo okanye kwiishawa kunye nokudada rhoqo
• Ukuba shushu kakhulu okanye kubanda kakhulu, kunye notshintsho ngesiquphe kubushushu
• Iziqholo okanye iidayi ezifakwe kwilusu okanye iisepha

Utshintsho lolusu lunokubandakanya:

• Amadyungudyungu ane-oozing kunye ne-crusting
• Isikhumba esomileyo kuwo wonke umzimba, okanye iindawo zesikhumba esinamaqhuqhuva ngasemva kweengalo naphambi kwamathanga
• Ukukhupha indlebe okanye ukuphuma kwegazi
• Iindawo eziluhlaza zesikhumba ukusuka ekukrwemeni
• Utshintsho kumbala wolusu, njengombala ongaphezulu okanye ongaphantsi kunombala oqhelekileyo wolusu
• Ubomvu besikhumba okanye ukudumba okujikeleze i-blisters
• Iindawo eziqinileyo okanye ezinje ngesikhumba, ezinokuthi zenzeke emva kokucaphuka kunye nokukhuhla ixesha elide

Uhlobo kunye nendawo yongxamiseko inokuxhomekeka kubudala bomntu:

• Kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala emi-2, irhashalala ingaqala ebusweni, entlonzeni, ezandleni nasezinyaweni. Irhashalala ihlala irhawuzelela kwaye yenza i-blisters ekhupha kwaye iqhume ngaphezulu.
• Kubantwana abadala nakubantu abadala, irhashalala ibonakala rhoqo ngaphakathi emadolweni nakwingqiniba. Inokubonakala nasemqaleni, ezandleni nasezinyaweni.
• Kubantu abadala, ukukhawuleza kunokukhawulelwa kwizandla, iinkophe, okanye izitho zangasese.
  
• Ukurhabaxa kunokwenzeka naphi na emzimbeni ngexesha lesifo esibi.

Ukurhawuzelela kakhulu kuqhelekile. Ukurhawuzelela kungaqala kwangaphambi kokuba kuvele irhashalala. I-atopic dermatitis ihlala ibizwa ngokuba "kukudlathuka kweerhashalala" kuba ukurhawuzelela kuyaqala, emva koko ukurhawuzelela kolusu kulandela ngenxa yokukrwela.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kujonga ulusu lwakho kwaye enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Unokufuna i-biopsy yesikhumba ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okanye ukulawula ezinye izizathu zesikhumba esomileyo, esibuhlungu.

Uxilongo lusekwe:

• Lukhangeleka njani ulusu lwakho
• Imbali yakho yobuqu kunye neyosapho

Ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba somzimba kungaluncedo kubantu abane:

• Unzima ukunyanga i-atopic dermatitis
• Ezinye iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba
• Irhashalala eyenza kuphela kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba emva kokuvezwa yikhemikhali ethile

Umboneleli wakho unoku-odola iinkcubeko zosulelo kulusu. Ukuba une-atopic dermatitis, unokufumana usulelo ngokulula.

UKUNAKEKELWA KWESIKHAYA EKHAYA

Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba imihla ngemihla kunokunciphisa imfuno yamayeza.

Ukukunceda ukuba uphephe ukukrwela irhashalala okanye ulusu:

• Sebenzisa i-moisturizer, i-cream ye-steroid cream, okanye elinye iyeza elimiselwa ngumboneleli wakho.
• Thatha amayeza e-antihistamine ngomlomo ukunciphisa ukurhawuzelela okukhulu.
• Gcina iinzipho zakho zisikiwe zifutshane. Nxiba iiglavu ezikhanyayo xa ulele ukuba ukukrwela ebusuku yingxaki.

Gcina ulusu lwakho lufumile ngokusebenzisa ioyile (efana nepetroleum jelly), iikhrim, okanye into yokuthambisa amaxesha ama-2 ukuya kwayi-3 ngosuku. Khetha iimveliso zesikhumba ezingenalo utywala, i-scents, idayi kunye nezinye iikhemikhali. Isichumisi sokugcina umoya ofumileyo ekhaya nawo aya kunceda.

Gwema izinto ezenza iimpawu zibe zibi, njenge:

• Ukutya, njengamaqanda, kunokubangela ukuba umntwana asabele kakhulu (soloko uthetha nomboneleli wakho kuqala)
• Irritants, ezifana noboya kunye ne-lanolin
• Iisepha ezomeleleyo okanye iisepha, kunye neekhemikhali kunye nezixazululi
• Utshintsho ngequbuliso kubushushu bomzimba kunye noxinzelelo, olunokubangela ukubila
• Izinto ezibangela iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba

Xa uhlamba okanye uhlamba:

• Veza ulusu lwakho emanzini ixesha elifutshane kangangoko. Ngokufutshane, iibhafu ezipholileyo zingcono kunezo zide, ezishushu.
• Sebenzisa ukuhlamba umzimba okucocekileyo kunye nokucoca endaweni yeesepha eziqhelekileyo.
• Sukukhuhla okanye ukomisa ulusu lwakho nzima okanye ixesha elide.
• Faka into yokuthambisa, okanye into yokuthambisa kulusu lwakho ngelixa ufumile emva kokuhlamba. Oku kuyakunceda ukubamba ukufuma kulusu lwakho.

AMAYEZA

Ngeli xesha, i-allergies shots ayisetyenziswanga ukunyanga i-atopic dermatitis.

Ii-antihistamines ezithathwe ngomlomo zinokukunceda ukurhawuzelela okanye ukungezwani nezinto ezithile emzimbeni. Unako ukuwathenga la mayeza ngaphandle kommiselo.

I-atopic dermatitis ihlala iphathwa ngamayeza abekwe ngqo kulusu okanye entlonzeni. Lawa abizwa ngokuba ngamayeza asemxholweni:

• Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kumiselwa i-cortisone (steroid) cream okanye mafutha athambileyo ekuqaleni. Unokufuna iyeza elinamandla ukuba alisebenzi.
• Amayeza abizwa ngokuba zii-topical immunomodulators (TIMs) anokumiselwa nakubani na ongaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Buza umboneleli wakho malunga neenkxalabo malunga nomngcipheko womhlaza onokubakho ngokusetyenziswa kwala mayeza.
• Iikhrimu okanye ioyile enetela yamalahle okanye i-anthralin inokusetyenziselwa indawo ezixineneyo.
• Isithintelo sokulungisa isithambisi esiqukethe iiceramide sinokusetyenziswa.

Ukusonga okumanzi ngonyango lwe-corticosteroids kunganceda ukulawula imeko. Kodwa, kunokukhokelela kusulelo.

Olunye unyango olunokusetyenziswa lubandakanya:

• Izithambisi okanye iipilisi xa ulusu lwakho luthe losuleleka
• Iziyobisi ezicinezela amajoni omzimba
• Amayeza e-biologic ekujoliswe kuwo ayilelwe ukuba achaphazele amalungu omzimba abandakanyeka kwi-atopic dermatitis
• I-Phototherapy, unyango apho ulusu lwakho luvezwa ngononophelo kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV)
• Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane kwe-systemic steroids (i-steroids enikezwa ngomlomo okanye nge-vein)

I-atopic dermatitis ihlala ixesha elide. Ungayilawula ngokuyinyanga, uthintele izinto ezingafunekiyo, kwaye ugcine ulusu lwakho luthambe kakuhle.

Kubantwana, imeko ihlala iqala ukuhamba malunga neminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-6, kodwa i-flare-ups iya kuhlala isenzeka. Kubantu abadala, ingxaki ihlala ixesha elide okanye imeko ebuyayo.

I-atopic dermatitis kunokuba nzima ukuyilawula ukuba:

• Iqala esemncinci
• Kubandakanya isixa esikhulu somzimba
• Ivela kunye ne-allergies kunye ne-asthma
• Ivela kumntu onembali yosapho ye-eczema

Iingxaki ze-atopic dermatitis zibandakanya:

• Usulelo lolusu olubangelwa ziintsholongwane, ukungunda, okanye iintsholongwane
• Iimvumba ezingapheliyo
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela ekusetyenzisweni kwexesha elide kwamayeza ukulawula i-eczema

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• I-atopic dermatitis ayibi bhetele kunyango lwasekhaya
• Iimpawu ziba mandundu okanye unyango alusebenzi
• Unempawu zosulelo (ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukuba bomvu, okanye iintlungu)

Abantwana abancanciswa de kube ziinyanga ezi-4 ubudala banokungabi namathuba okufumana i-atopic dermatitis.

Ukuba umntwana akancanciswa, usebenzisa ifomula equlathe iprotein yobisi lwenkomo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-hydrolyzed formula) inokunciphisa amathuba okuphuhlisa i-atopic dermatitis.

I-eczema yabantwana; Dermatitis - atopic; Onokhwekhwe

• Keratosis pilaris - kufutshane
• Dermatitis ephezulu
• I-atopy emaqatheni
• Dermatitis - atopic kwimveku
• I-eczema, i-atopic -ukusondela
• Dermatitis - atopic ebusweni bentombazana encinci
• I-Keratosis pilaris esidleleni
• Dermatitis - atopic emilenzeni
• Hyperlinearity kwi-atopic dermatitis

IAmerican Academy yeDermatology Association iwebhusayithi. Iindidi ze-Eczema: isishwankathelo se-atopic dermatitis. www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema. Kufumaneka ngoFebruwari 25, 2021.

IBoguniewicz M, iLeung DYM. Dermatitis ephezulu. Ku: IBurks AW, iHolgate ST, u-O'Hehir RE, et al, ii-eds. I-Middleton's Allergy: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 33.

IDinulos JGH. Dermatitis ephezulu. Ku: I-Dinulos JGH, ed. Ugqirha wezonyango waseHabif. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 5.

UMcAleer MA, O'Regan GM, Irvine AD. Dermatitis ephezulu. Ku: I-Bolognia JL, uSchaffer JV, uCerroni L, ii-eds. Dermatology. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 12.