Amabala

Amabala yimeko yesikhumba ebangela amaqhakuva okanye "izizi." I-Whiteheads, i-blackheads, kunye nobomvu, iipatches ezivuthayo zesikhumba (ezinjengee-cysts) zinokukhula.

Amabala ayenzeka xa imingxunya emincinci yesikhumba ivalekile. Le mingxunya ibizwa ngokuba yimingxunya.

• Ipore nganye ivula kwifollicle. Ifollicle inenwele kunye nedlala leoyile. Ioyile ekhutshwa yile ndlala inceda ukususa iiseli zolusu ezindala kwaye igcina ulusu lwakho luthambile.
• Amadlala anokuvalwa ngomxube okanye ioyile kunye neeseli zolusu, ukuvaleka kubizwa ngokuba yiplagi okanye comedone. Ukuba umphezulu weplagi umhlophe, ubizwa ngokuba yintloko emhlophe. Ibizwa ngokuba yintloko emnyama ukuba umphezulu weplagi umnyama.
• Ukuba iintsholongwane zibanjiswe kwiplagi, amajoni omzimba anokusabela kuyo, abangele amaqhakuva.
• Amabala anzulu kulusu lwakho anokubangela ii-cysts ezinzima, ezibuhlungu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-nodulocystic acne.

Amabala aqheleke kakhulu kulutsha, kodwa nabani na unokufumana amabala, nkqu neentsana. Ingxaki ihlala ibaleka kwiintsapho.

Ezinye izinto ezinokubangela amabala zibandakanya:

• Utshintsho lwehormonal olwenza ulusu lube neoli. Oku kunokuba kunxulumene nokufikisa, ukuya exesheni, ukukhulelwa, iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa, okanye uxinzelelo.
• Ukuthambisa okanye imveliso yeoyile yokuthambisa kunye neenwele.
• Amachiza athile (anje nge-steroids, testosterone, estrogen, kunye phenytoin). Izixhobo zokulawula ukuzalwa, ezinje ngeziyobisi ezinee-IUDs, zinokwenza ukuba amabala abe mandundu.
• Ukubila kakhulu kunye nokufuma.
• Ukuchukumisa kakhulu, ukuphumla okanye ukukhuhla ulusu.

Uphando alubonisi ukuba itshokholethi, amandongomane, kunye nokutya okunamafutha kubangela induna. Nangona kunjalo, ukutya okuphezulu kwiswekile esulungekisiweyo okanye iimveliso zobisi zinokunxulumana namabala kwabanye abantu, kodwa olu nxibelelwano luyimpikiswano.

Amabala aqhele ukubonakala ebusweni nasemagxeni. Inokwenzeka kwakhona esiqwini, iingalo, imilenze, kunye neempundu. Utshintsho lolusu lubandakanya:

• Ukuqhekeka kwamaqhuma esikhumba
• Iingqungquthela
• Iipapu (amaqhuma amancinci abomvu)
• Iipustules (amaqhuma amancinci abomvu aqukethe ubomvu omhlophe okanye omthubi)
• Ubomvu bujikeleze ukuqhuma kolusu
• Ukukrala kolusu
• I-Whiteheads
• Amnyama

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuchonga amabala ngokujonga ulusu lwakho. Uvavanyo aludingeki kwiimeko ezininzi. Inkcubeko yebhakteria inokwenziwa ngeepateni ezithile zamabala okanye ukukhusela usulelo ukuba amaqhuma amakhulu eqhubeka.

UKUZINAKEKELA

Amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukunceda i-acne yakho:

• Coca ulusu lwakho ngobunono ngesepha emnene, yokugezwa (njengehobe, iNeutrogena, iCetaphil, iCeraVe, okanye iziseko).
• Jonga iifomula ezisekwe emanzini okanye "ezingavunywanga" zezithambiso kunye nezithambiso zolusu. (Iimveliso ezingezizo ezikaMgangatho ziye zavavanywa kwaye kwangqinwa ukuba azizukuvala ii-pores kwaye zibangele induna kuninzi lwabantu.)
• Susa konke ukungcola okanye imake-up. Hlamba kanye okanye kabini ngemini, kubandakanya nasemva kokuzilolonga.
• Gwema ukuhlamba okanye ukuhlamba isikhumba ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
• Shampoo iinwele zakho mihla le, ngakumbi ukuba zinamafutha.
• Dibanisa okanye tsala iinwele zakho umva ukugcina iinwele zingabikho ebusweni bakho.

OKUNGENZIWAYO:

• Zama ukungafinyeleli ngomsindo, ukukrwela, ukukhetha okanye ukurabha amaqhakuva. Oku kunokukhokelela kusulelo lolusu, ukuphola kancinci, kunye nokonakala.
• Kuphephe ukunxiba iibhandeji ezixineneyo, iminqwazi ye baseball, kunye neminye iminqwazi.
• Kuphephe ukubamba ubuso bakho ngezandla okanye ngeminwe.
• Gwema izinto zokuthambisa ezinamafutha okanye iikhrim.
• SUKUYEKE ushiye ubuso ngobusuku.

Ukuba la manyathelo awazicimi iziphene, zama amayeza amabala asebusweni owasebenzisayo kulusu lwakho. Landela umkhombandlela ngononophelo kwaye usebenzise ezi mveliso kancinci.

• Ezi mveliso zinokuba ne-benzoyl peroxide, isalfure, i-resorcinol, i-adapalene, okanye i-salicylic acid.
• Basebenza ngokubulala iintsholongwane, ukomisa iioyile zolusu, okanye ukubangela ukuba ulusu lwakho lukhanye.
• Zingabangela ubomvu, ukomisa, okanye ukubola okugqithisileyo kwesikhumba.
• Yazi ukuba i-benzoyl peroxide equlathe amalungiselelo inokwenza iblitshi okanye idibanise iitawuli kunye nempahla.

Inani elincinci lokuvezwa lilanga linokuphucula amabala kancinci, kodwa ukushuka ikakhulu kufihla amabala. Ukuvezwa kakhulu kukukhanya kwelanga okanye imitha ye-ultraviolet akukhuthazwa kuba yonyusa umngcipheko wemibimbi nomhlaza wolusu.

AMAYEZA ASUKELA UMBONELELI WAKHO WENKONZO YEMPILO

Ukuba amaqhakuva asenengxaki, umboneleli unokuyalela amayeza awomeleleyo kwaye axoxe nawe ngezinye iindlela.

I-antibiotics inokunceda abanye abantu abane-acne:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (athathwe ngomlomo) anje nge-tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, kunye ne-amoxicillin
• Izihloko ze-antibiotics (ezisetyenziswe kwesikhumba) ezifana ne-clindamycin, i-erythromycin, okanye i-dapsone

Izithambiso okanye iigels ezifakwe eluswini zinokumiselwa:

• Iziphumo zevithamini A ezinjenge-retinoic acid cream okanye ijeli (tretinoin, tazarotene)
• Iifomula zokumiselwa ze-benzoyl peroxide, isalfure, i-resorcinol, okanye i-salicylic acid
• Imixholo ye-azelaic acid

Kwabasetyhini abane-acne ebangelwa okanye yenziwa mandundu zihomoni:

• Ipilisi ebizwa ngokuba yi-spironolactone inokunceda.
• Iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa zinganceda kwezinye iimeko, nangona zinokwenza ukuba amabala abe mandundu kwamanye amabhinqa.

Iinkqubo ezincinci okanye unyango lunokuba luncedo:

• Unyango lwePhotodynamic lunokusetyenziswa. Olu lunyango apho umchiza osebenza ngokukhanya okuluhlaza usetyenziswa eluswini, kulandele ukubonakaliswa kukukhanya.
• Umboneleli wakho usenokucebisa ngolusu lwekhemikhali; ukususwa kwezikrelemnqa nge-dermabrasion; okanye ukususwa, umjelo wamanzi, okanye inaliti yee-cysts kunye ne-cortisone.

Abantu abane-cystic acne kunye ne-scarring banokuzama iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-isotretinoin. Uya kujongwa ngeliso elibukhali xa uthatha eli yeza ngenxa yeziphumo zalo.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo AKUFANELE bathathe i-isotretinoin, kuba ibangela iziphene ezinzima zokuzalwa.

• Abasetyhini abathatha i-isotretinoin kufuneka basebenzise iifom ze-2 zolawulo lokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuqala ichiza kwaye babhalise kwinkqubo ye-iPledge.
• Amadoda nawo kufuneka abhalise kwinkqubo ye-iPledge.
• Umboneleli wakho uya kukulandela kwesi siyobisi kwaye uya kuvavanywa igazi rhoqo.

Uninzi lwexesha, i-acne iyahamba emva kweminyaka yeshumi elivisayo, kodwa inokuhlala kwiminyaka yobudala. Imeko ihlala iphendula kakuhle kunyango, kodwa iimpendulo zinokuthatha iiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8, kunye namaqhakuva anokuvela amaxesha ngamaxesha.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho amabala abukhali anganyangekiyo. Abanye abantu badandatheka kakhulu ukuba amabala akaphathwa.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Amanyathelo okuzikhathalela kunye neyeza zokuthenga azincedi emva kweenyanga ezininzi.
• I-acne yakho imbi kakhulu (umzekelo, unobomvu obuninzi ojikeleze amaqhakuva, okanye unee-cysts).
• I-acne yakho iya isiba mandundu.
• Uphuhlisa amabala njengoko induna yakho icoca.
• Amabala abangela uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-acne, biza umnikezeli womntwana ukuba ngaba i-acne ayizicacisi ngokwayo kwiinyanga ezi-3.

Amabala amabala; Induna yecystic; Amaqhakuva; Zits

• Amabala omntwana
• Amabala - ukuvalwa kwezilonda zepustular
• Amnyama amnyama (comedones)
• Amabala - cystic esifubeni
• Amabala - umjikelo ebusweni
• Amabala - i-vulgaris ngasemva
• Amabala emva
• Amabala

UGehris RP. Dermatology. Ku: Zitelli, BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ii-eds. UZitelli no-Davis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 8.

IHabif TP. Amabala, i-roacea, kunye nokuphazamiseka okunxulumene noko. Ku: Habif TP, ed. Zonyango lwezonyango. Umhla wesi-6. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 7.

UJames WD, u-Elston DM, nyanga i-JR, i-Rosenbach MA, i-IM ye-Neuhaus. Amabala. Ku: James WD, Elston DM, Phatha uJR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, ii-eds. Izifo zikaAndrews zolusu: Unyango lweKlinikhi. Umhla we-13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 13.

UKIM WE. Amabala. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM ,, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahlulo 689.