Unyango lwe-immunotherapy kumhlaza

I-Immunotherapy luhlobo lonyango lomhlaza oluxhomekeke kwinkqubo yosuleleko lomzimba yomzimba (amajoni omzimba). Isebenzisa izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba okanye elebhu ukunceda amajoni omzimba asebenze nzima okanye ngendlela ethe ngqo ekulweni nomhlaza. Oku kunceda umzimba wakho ukuba ulahle iiseli zomhlaza.

I-Immunotherapy isebenza ngu:

• Ukuyekisa okanye ukuthothisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza
• Ukuthintela umhlaza ekusasazekeni kwamanye amalungu omzimba
• Ukunyusa amandla omzimba wokukhusela iiseli zomhlaza

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-immunotherapy yomhlaza.

Amajoni omzimba akhusela umzimba kusulelo. Ikwenza oku ngokufumanisa iintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktiriya okanye iintsholongwane kunye nokwenza iiproteni ezilwa nosulelo. Ezi proteni zibizwa ngokuba ngamachiza omzimba.

Oososayensi banokwenza ii-antibodies ezizodwa elabhoratri ezifuna iiseli zomhlaza endaweni yeentsholongwane. Ebizwa ngokuba ngama-anti-monoclonal antibodies, zikwaluhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo.

Ezinye ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal zisebenza ngokunamathela kwiiseli zomhlaza. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula kwezinye iiseli ezenziwe ngamajoni omzimba ukuba zifumane, zihlasele kwaye zibulale iiseli.

Ezinye ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal zisebenza ngokuthintela imiqondiso kumphezulu weseli yomhlaza eyixelela ukuba yahlule.

Olunye uhlobo lwe-anti-monoclonal antibody luthwala imitha okanye ichiza le-chemotherapy ukuya kwiiseli zomhlaza. Ezi zinto zibulala umhlaza ziqhotyoshelwe kwii-antibodies ze-monoclonal, ezihambisa ityhefu kwiiseli zomhlaza.

Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal ngoku asetyenziselwa ukunyanga uninzi lweentlobo zomhlaza.

"Iindawo zokutshekisha" ziimolekyuli ezithile kwiiseli ezithile zamajoni omzimba athi amajoni omzimba ajike okanye acime enze impendulo yomzimba. Iiseli zomhlaza zingazisebenzisa ezi ndawo zokujonga ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa ngamajoni omzimba.

Ii-inhibitors zokujonga ukungasebenzi komzimba luhlobo olutsha lwe-monoclonal antibody esebenza kwezi ndawo zokujonga ukonyusa amajoni omzimba ukuze ihlasele iiseli zomhlaza.

PD-1 inhibitors zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza.

I-PD-L1 inhibitors Unyango lomhlaza wesinyi, umhlaza wemiphunga, kunye neMerkel cell carcinoma, kwaye bayavavanywa kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.

Iziyobisi ezijolise kuzo I-CTLA-4 phatha i-melanoma yolusu, umhlaza wezintso, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ezibonisa iintlobo ezithile zotshintsho.

Ezi zonyango zonyusa amajoni omzimba ngendlela ebanzi ngakumbi kunamalungu omzimba omzimba omnye. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili:

I-Interleukin-2 (IL-2) inceda amajoni omzimba ukuba akhule aze ahlule ngokukhawuleza. Inguqu eyenziwe elebhu ye-IL-2 isetyenziselwa iifom eziphambili zomhlaza wezintso kunye ne-melanoma.

I-Interferon alpha (INF-alfa) yenza iiseli ezithile zamajoni omzimba zikwazi ngakumbi ukuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza. Ayifane isetyenziselwe ukunyanga:

• Umhlaza wegazi leukemia
• Leukemia enganyangekiyo engapheliyo
• Iifollular non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Isikhumba (isikhumba) T-cell lymphoma
• Umhlaza wezintso
• Melanoma
• IKaposi sarcoma

Olu hlobo lonyango lusebenzisa iintsholongwane eziye zatshintshwa kwilebhu ukosulela nokubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Xa ezi seli zifa, zikhupha izinto ekuthiwa ziiantigen. Ezi antijeni zixelela amajoni omzimba ukuba ajolise kwaye abulale ezinye iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni.

Olu hlobo lwe-immunotherapy ngoku lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-melanoma.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-immunotherapy yomhlaza zahlukile ngohlobo lonyango. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zenzeka apho inaliti okanye i-IV ingena emzimbeni, ibangela ukuba indawo ibe:

• Kubuhlungu okanye kubuhlungu
• Ukudumba
• bomvu
• Irhawuzelela

Ezinye iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo zibandakanya:

• Iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane, Ukugodola, ubuthathaka, intloko ebuhlungu)
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Urhudo
• Imisipha okanye amalungu adibeneyo
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi okanye oluphezulu
• Ukudumba kwesibindi, imiphunga, amalungu endocrine, indawo yesisu, okanye ulusu

Olu nyango lunokubangela ukuba umntu abe namandla, ngamanye amaxesha abulale, aphendule kubantu abanovakalelo kwizithako ezithile kunyango. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile kakhulu.

Unyango lwebhayoloji; Unyango

Cancer.Net iwebhusayithi. Ukuqonda i-immunotherapy. www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/immunotherapy-and-vaccines/understanding-immunotherapy. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Matshi 27, 2020.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Iiseli ze-CAR T: ubunjineli beeseli zomzimba zokunyanga umhlaza wazo. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/research/car-t-cells. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJulayi 30, 2019. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 27, 2020.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Immunotherapy ukunyanga umhlaza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 24, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Matshi 27, 2020.

UTseng D, Schultz L, Pardoll D, Mackall C.Umhlaza wokugonya. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 6.

• Umhlaza Unyango