Inikotini kunye necuba

Inicotine ekwicuba inokuba likhoboka lotywala, icocaine, kunye ne morphine.

Icuba sisityalo esikhuliselwa amagqabi, atshaywayo, ahlafunwayo, okanye atshiswe.

Icuba lineekhemikhali ekuthiwa yi-nicotine. Inikotini sisiyobisi esikhobokisayo.

Izigidi zabantu eUnited States ziye zakwazi ukuyeka ukutshaya. Nangona liye lancipha inani labantu abatshayayo eUnited States kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kodwa inani labo batshaya icuba liye landa ngokuthe ngcembe. Iimveliso zecuba ezingatshaywayo zibekwa emlonyeni, esidleleni, okanye emlonyeni zize zifunxwe okanye zihlafunwe, okanye zifakwe kwimpumlo. Inicotine kwezi mveliso ifunxwa kwinqanaba elifanayo nokutshaya icuba, kwaye umlutha usomelele kakhulu.

Ukutshaya kunye nokutshaya ukutshaya kuneengozi ezininzi zempilo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweNicotine kunokuba neziphumo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Inga:

• Nciphisa umdla wokutya-Ukoyika ukutyeba ubunzima kwenza abanye abantu bangafuni ukuyeka ukutshaya.
• Ukunyusa imood, ukunika abantu imvakalelo yokuziva ukonwaba, kwaye mhlawumbi kude kunciphise uxinzelelo oluncinci.
• Yandisa umsebenzi emathunjini.
• Yenza amathe amaninzi kunye nephlegm.
• Yonyusa izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo nge-10 ukuya kwi-20 beats ngomzuzu.
• Yandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi nge-5 ukuya kwi-10 mm Hg.
• Mhlawumbi kubangela ukubila, isicaphucaphu, kunye norhudo.
• Khuthaza inkumbulo kunye nokuphaphama- Abantu abasebenzisa icuba bahlala bexhomekeke kuyo ukubanceda benze imisebenzi ethile kwaye benze kakuhle.

Iimpawu zokurhoxiswa kwenicotine zivela ngaphakathi kweeyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 emva kokugqibela kokusebenzisa icuba. Abantu abatshaye elona xesha lide okanye batshaya inani elikhulu lecuba suku ngalunye kunokwenzeka ukuba babe neempawu zokurhoxa. Kulabo abayekayo, iimpawu ziphakamisa malunga neentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 kamva. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Ukunqwenela ngamandla i-nicotine
• Ixhala
• Uxinzelelo
• Ukozela okanye ingxaki yokulala
• Amaphupha amabi namaphupha amabi
• Ukuziva uxhalabile, ungazoli, okanye ukhathazekile
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukwanda kwesidlo kunye nokuzuza ubunzima
• Iingxaki zokugxila

Ungazibona ezinye okanye zonke ezi mpawu xa utshintsha ukusuka kwisigarethi se-nicotine esiqhelekileyo okanye unciphisa inani leecuba ozitshayayo.

Kunzima ukuyeka ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa icuba elingenamsi, kodwa nabani na angakwenza oko. Zininzi iindlela zokuyeka ukutshaya.

Kukho nezixhobo zokukunceda uyeke. Amalungu osapho, izihlobo, kunye nabantu osebenza nabo banokuxhasa. Ukuyeka icuba kunzima ukuba uzama ukukwenza wedwa.

Ukuze uphumelele, kufuneka ngokwenene ufune ukuyeka. Uninzi lwabantu oluyekile ukutshaya aluphumelelanga ubuncinci kube kanye ngaphambili. Zama ukungazijongi iinzame zexesha elidlulileyo njengokusilela. Babone njengamava okufunda.

Uninzi lwabantu abatshayayo lukufumanisa kunzima ukwahlukana nayo yonke imikhwa eliyenzileyo malunga nokutshaya.

Inkqubo yokuyeka ukutshaya inokuliphucula ithuba lakho lokuphumelela. Ezi nkqubo zibonelelwa zizibhedlele, amasebe ezempilo, amaziko oluntu, iindawo zomsebenzi, kunye nemibutho yesizwe.

Unyango oluthatha indawo yeNicotine lunokuba luncedo. Kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezibonelela ngeedosi ezisezantsi zenikotini, kodwa akukho nanye ityhefu efumaneka emsini. Ukufakwa endaweni yeNicotine kuza ngohlobo lwe:

• Intsini
• Abaphefumli
• I-lozenges yomqala
• Ukutshiza ngeempumlo
• Amabala esikhumba

Unokuthenga iintlobo ezininzi zokutshintshwa kwenicotine ngaphandle kommiselo.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokumisela ezinye iintlobo zamayeza ukukunceda uyeke. IVarenicline (Chantix) kunye ne-bupropion (iZyban, Wellbutrin) ngamayeza amiselweyo achaphazela ii-nicotine receptors kwingqondo.

Injongo yezi ndlela zonyango kukuphelisa iminqweno ye-nicotine kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu zokurhoxa.

Iingcali zezempilo zilumkisa ukuba i-e-cigarettes ayisiyonyango yokutshaya icuba. Ayaziwa ncam ukuba ingakanani inikotini ekwikhadikheyisi ye-e-cigarette, kuba ulwazi lweelebheli luhlala lungalunganga.

Umboneleli wakho angakuthumela ukuba uyeke ukutshaya. Ezi zibonelelwa zizibhedlele, amasebe ezempilo, amaziko oluntu, iindawo zomsebenzi, kunye nemibutho yesizwe.

Abantu abazama ukuyeka ukutshaya bahlala bedimazeka xa bengaphumeleli ekuqaleni. Uphando lubonisa ukuba okukhona uzama amaxesha, kokukhona uya kuphumelela. Ukuba uqala ukutshaya kwakhona emva kokuba uzame ukuyeka, unganikezeli. Jonga into esebenzayo okanye engasebenzi, cinga ngeendlela ezintsha zokuyeka ukutshaya, kwaye uzame kwakhona.

Zininzi izizathu zokuyeka ukutshaya. Ukwazi imingcipheko yempilo yecuba kunokukunceda ukuba uyeke. Icuba kunye neekhemikhali ezinxulumene nazo zinokunyusa umngcipheko weengxaki zempilo ezinje ngomhlaza, isifo semiphunga kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

Jonga umboneleli wakho ukuba unqwenela ukuyeka ukutshaya, okanye sele ukwenzile oko kwaye uneempawu zokurhoxa. Umboneleli wakho unokunceda ukucebisa unyango.

Ukurhoxa kwi-nicotine; Ukutshaya-ukutshaya i-nicotine kunye nokurhoxa; Icuba elingenamsi-intshongo; Ukutshaya icigar; Ukutshaya imibhobho; Isinemsi esingenamsi; Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba; Ukuhlafuna icuba; Iziyobisi zeNicotine kunye necuba

• Imingcipheko yempilo yecuba

IBenowitz NL, iBrunetta PG. Ukutshaya iingozi kunye nokuyeka. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 46.

URakel RE, uHouston T. Nicotine umlutha. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Incwadi yesikhokelo samayeza osapho. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 49.

Siu AL; Umsebenzi woKhuseleko kwi-US. Ukungenelela kokuziphatha kunye nonyango lokuyeka ukutshaya kubantu abadala, kubandakanya nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo: Ingxelo yengcebiso yengcebiso ye-US. UAnn Intern Med. 2015; 163 (8): 622-634. IINKCUKACHA: 26389730.