I-Melanoma yamehlo

I-Melanoma yeso ngumhlaza owenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeso.

I-Melanoma luhlobo lomhlaza olunochuku olunokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Ihlala iluhlobo lomhlaza wolusu.

I-Melanoma yeso inokuchaphazela iindawo ezininzi zelihlo, kubandakanya:

• Choroid
• Umzimba weCiliary
• Ukudibanisa
• Inkophe
• Iris
• Orbit

Uluhlu lwe-choroid yeyona ndawo inesifo se-melanoma kwiso. Olu luluhlu lwemithambo yegazi kunye nezicubu ezinxibelelanayo phakathi komhlophe wamehlo kunye nelihlo (ngasemva kweliso).

Umhlaza unokubakho kuphela esweni. Okanye, isenokusasazeka (imetastasize) iye kwenye indawo emzimbeni, ubukhulu becala isibindi. I-Melanoma nayo ingaqala kulusu okanye kwamanye amalungu emzimbeni kwaye isasazeke iliso.

I-Melanoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo samehlo kubantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, i-melanoma eqala elisweni inqabile.

Ukukhanya kakhulu kwelanga yinto ebalulekileyo yomngcipheko kwi-melanoma. Abantu abanolusu olukhanyayo kunye namehlo aluhlaza bachaphazeleka kakhulu.

Iimpawu ze-melanoma yamehlo zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Amehlo aqhumayo
• Guqula umbala we-iris
• Ukungaboni kakuhle kwelinye iliso
• Olubomvu, iliso elibuhlungu
• Isiphene esincinci kwi-iris okanye kwi-conjunctiva

Ngamanye amaxesha, kungangabikho zimpawu.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo nge-ophthalmoscope kunokutyhila isangqa esinye esisisangqa okanye esimbhoxo (iso).

Uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa lubandakanya:

• I-Brain CT okanye iMRI ukukhangela ukusasazeka (i-metastasis) kwingqondo
• Ukukhanya kwamehlo
• Ulusu lwe-biopsy ukuba kukho indawo echaphazelekayo kulusu

I-melanomas encinci inokunyangwa nge:

• Ugqirha
• Laser
• Unyango lwemitha (njengeGamma Knife, iCyberKnife, brachytherapy)

Utyando lokususa iliso (inyukliya) lunokufuneka.

Olunye unyango olunokusetyenziswa lubandakanya:

• I-Chemotherapy, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwamehlo
• I-Immunotherapy, esebenzisa amayeza ukunceda amajoni akho omzimba alwe nemelanoma

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Isiphumo se-melanoma yamehlo sixhomekeke kubungakanani bomhlaza xa ufunyaniswa. Uninzi lwabantu lusinda ubuncinci iminyaka emi-5 ukusukela kwixesha lokuchongwa ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga ngaphandle kwamehlo.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphandle kwamehlo, ithuba lokuphila ixesha elide liphantsi kakhulu.

Iingxaki ezinokuthi zikhule ngenxa ye-melanoma yamehlo zibandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka okanye ukulahleka kombono
• I-Retinal detachment
• Ukusasazeka kwethumba kwezinye iindawo zomzimba

Biza ukuqeshwa kunye nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba unempawu ze-melanoma yamehlo.

Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokuthintela imelanoma yamehlo kukukhusela amehlo elangeni, ngakumbi phakathi kwentsimbi ye-10 ukuya kweyesi-2 emva kwemini, xa imitha yelanga ishushu kakhulu. Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezikhusela i-ultraviolet.

Uvavanyo lwamehlo lonyaka luyacetyiswa.

I-melanoma enobungozi - i-choroid; Melanoma enobungozi - iliso; Ithumba lamehlo; I-Ocular melanoma

• Iretina

I-Augsburger JJ, iCorrea ZM, iBerry JL. Iimpawu ezinobungozi ze-intraocular. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 8.1.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwe-intraocular (uveal) unyango lwe-melanoma (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma- unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Matshi 24, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 2, 2019.

ISeddon JM, iMcCannel TA. I-Epidemiology yangemva kwe-uveal melanoma. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, ii-eds. URetina kaRyan. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 143.

Ukhuseleko CL, Shields JA. Ushwankathelo lolawulo lwasemva kwemalanoma yangemva. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, ii-eds. URetina kaRyan. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2018: isahluko 147.