I-Retinoblastoma

I-Retinoblastoma sisisu esinqabileyo samehlo esihlala senzeka ebantwaneni. Sisilonda esibuhlungu (somhlaza) sendawo yeliso ebizwa ngokuba yirtina.

I-Retinoblastoma ibangelwa kukutshintsha kwemfuza elawula indlela iiseli ezahlula ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli zikhula ngaphandle kolawulo kwaye ziba ngumhlaza.

Phantse kwisiqingatha samatyala, olu tshintsho luyenzeka kumntwana osapho olungazange lube nomhlaza wamehlo. Ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho luyenzeka kumalungu osapho aliqela. Ukuba utshintsho luyenzeka kusapho, kukho iipesenti ezingama-50 zokuba abantwana bomntu ochaphazelekayo nabo baya kuba notshintsho. Aba bantwana ke ngoko baya kuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhulisa i-retinoblastoma ngokwabo.

Umhlaza uhlala uchaphazela abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka esixhenxe ubudala. Kuqheleke ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-2 ubudala.

Inye okanye omabini amehlo anokuchaphazeleka.

Ukhozo lweliso lunokubonakala lumhlophe okanye lunamabala amhlophe. Ukukhanya okumhlophe esweni kuhlala kubonakala kwiifoto ezithathwe ngefleshi. Endaweni yesiqhelo "iliso elibomvu" ukusuka kudanyaza, umfundi unokubonakala emhlophe okanye egqwethekileyo.

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Amehlo awele
• Umbono kabini
• Amehlo angahambelani
• Intlungu yamehlo nokubomvu
• Ukungaboni kakuhle
• Imibala eyahlukileyo yeiris kwiso ngalinye

Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, iintlungu zethambo kunye nezinye iimpawu zinokwenzeka.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba, kubandakanya novavanyo lwamehlo. Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa:

• I-CT scan okanye iMRI yentloko
• Uvavanyo lwamehlo ngokudibanisa umfundi
• I-Ultrasound yamehlo (intloko kunye neliso le-echoencephalogram)

Ukhetho kunyango luxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba:

• Amathumba amancinci anokunyangwa ngoqhaqho lwe-laser okanye nge-cryotherapy (iqhwa).
• Imitha isetyenziselwa zombini ithumba elingaphakathi kwamehlo kunye nezilonda ezinkulu.
• I-Chemotherapy inokufuneka ukuba ithumba lisasazeke ngaphaya kwamehlo.
• Iliso lisenokufuna ukuba lisuswe (inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yinyukliya) ukuba eli thumba aliphenduli kolunye unyango. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuba lunyango lokuqala.

Ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga ngaphaya kwamehlo, phantse bonke abantu banokunyangeka. Unyango, nangona kunjalo, lunokufuna unyango olunobundlongondlongo kunye nokususwa kweliso ukuze luphumelele.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwamehlo, amathuba onyango asezantsi kwaye ixhomekeke kwindlela ethe yasasazeka ngayo ithumba.

Ubumfama bunokwenzeka kwiliso elichaphazelekayo. I-tumor ingasasazeka kwisokethi yamehlo nge-optic nerve. Inokwasasazeka kwingqondo, imiphunga kunye namathambo.

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba iimpawu okanye iimpawu ze-retinoblastoma zikhona, ngakumbi ukuba amehlo omntwana wakho abonakala engaqhelekanga okanye ebonakala engaqhelekanga kwiifoto.

Ingcebiso ngemfuzo inokunceda iintsapho ziqonde umngcipheko we-retinoblastoma. Kubaluleke ngakumbi xa ngaphezulu kwelungu elinye losapho elinesi sifo, okanye ukuba i-retinoblastoma yenzeka emehlweni omabini.

Ithumba - iretina; Umhlaza - iretina; Umhlaza wamehlo-i-retinoblastoma

• Iliso

Cheng KP. Ophthalmology. Ku: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ii-eds. UZitelli no-Davis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 20.

UKim JW, uMansfield NC, uMurphree AL. I-Retinoblastoma. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Weidemann P, ii-eds. URetina kaRyan. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 132.

UTarek N, uHerzog CE. I-Retinoblastoma. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 529.