Aspergillosis

I-Aspergillosis yintsholongwane okanye impendulo engahambelaniyo ngenxa yefungus ye-aspergillus.

I-Aspergillosis ibangelwa ngundo ekuthiwa yi-aspergillus. I-fungus ihlala ifunyanwa ikhula kumagqabi afileyo, ingqolowa egciniweyo, iimfumba zomgquba, okanye kolunye uhlaza olubolayo. Inokufumaneka nakumagqabi entsangu.

Nangona uninzi lwabantu luhlala lubhencwa kwi-aspergillus, usulelo olubangelwa ngundo alufane lwenzeke kubantu abanamajoni omzimba asempilweni.

Zininzi iindlela ze-aspergillosis:

• Isigulo se-pulmonary aspergillosis sisenzo sokungavisisani nefungus. Olu suleleko luhlala lukhula kubantu abasele beneengxaki zemiphunga ezifana ne-asthma okanye i-cystic fibrosis.
• I-Aspergilloma kukukhula (ibhola yefungus) ethi ikhule kwindawo yesifo semiphunga esidlulileyo okanye isikhumba semiphunga esifana nesifo sephepha okanye ithumba lemiphunga.
• Uhlaselo lwe-aspergillosis lwe-pulmonary pulmonary sisifo esibi kunye ne-pneumonia. Inokusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Olu suleleko lwenzeka rhoqo kubantu abanamajoni omzimba athathaka. Oku kungabangelwa ngumhlaza, i-AIDS, i-leukemia, ukufakelwa kwamalungu emzimbeni, ichemotherapy, okanye ezinye iimeko okanye iziyobisi ezinciphisa inani okanye ukusebenza kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi okanye buthathaka amajoni omzimba.

Iimpawu zixhomekeke kuhlobo losulelo.

Iimpawu ze-aspergillosis ye-pulmary ye-aleji inokubandakanya:

• Khohlela
• Ukukhohlela igazi okanye iiplagi zencindi emdaka
• Ifiva
• Imvakalelo yokugula ngokubanzi (malaise)
• Ukukhawuleza
• Ukuhla ukusinda

Ezinye iimpawu zixhomekeke kwinxalenye yomzimba ochaphazelekayo, kwaye unokubandakanya:

• Intlungu yethambo
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukugodola
• Ukuncipha kwemveliso yomchamo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukonyuka kwemveliso ye-phlegm, enokuba ligazi
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Izilonda zolusu (izilonda)
• Iingxaki zombono

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu.

Uvavanyo lokufumanisa isifo se-aspergillus lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwe-Aspergillus antibody
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi
• Ukuskena i-CT
• IGalactomannan (imolekyuli yeswekile evela kwifungus ngamanye amaxesha efumaneka egazini)
• Inqanaba legazi le-Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga
• Isikhohlela ibala kunye nenkcubeko yefungus (ikhangela i-aspergillus)
• I-biopsy yethishu

Ibhola yefungus ayihlali iphathwa ngamayeza okubulala ukungunda ngaphandle kokuba kukho ukopha kwithishu yemiphunga. Kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka kwenziwe utyando kunye namayeza.

I-aspergillosis enganyangekiyo inyangwa ngeeveki ezininzi zamayeza okubola. Inganikwa ngomlomo okanye nge-IV (emthanjeni). I-Endocarditis ebangelwa yi-aspergillus inyangwa ngokufaka endaweni yezivalo zentliziyo ezinesifo. Iziyobisi zexesha elide ziyafuneka.

I-Allergic aspergillosis inyangwa ngamachiza acinezela amajoni omzimba (iziyobisi ezikhuselayo), ezinje nge-prednisone.

Ngonyango, abantu abane-aspergillosis ye-aleji bahlala bebangcono ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kuqhelekile ukuba esi sifo sibuye (sibuyele umva) kwaye sidinga unyango kwakhona.

Ukuba i-aspergillosis engafunekiyo ayibi bhetele kunyango lweziyobisi, ekugqibeleni ikhokelela ekufeni. Imbonakalo ye-aspergillosis engenayo ikwaxhomekeke kwisifo somntu kunye nempilo yomzimba.

Iingxaki zempilo kwesi sifo okanye unyango zibandakanya:

• I-Amphotericin B inokubangela ukonakala kwezintso kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye nokugodola
• I-Bronchiectasis (ukunqunyulwa ngokusisigxina kunye nokwandiswa kweesaka ezincinci kwimiphunga)
• Isifo semiphunga esihlaselayo sinokubangela ukopha okukhulu emiphungeni
• Imifinya iplagi kwiindlela zomoya
• Ukuvalwa ngokusisigxina komoya
• Ukusilela kokuphefumla

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba uhlakulela iimpawu ze-aspergillosis okanye ukuba unesifo somzimba esibuthathaka kwaye uhlakulele umkhuhlane.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka athathwe xa kusetyenziswa amayeza acinezela amajoni omzimba.

Usulelo lwe-Aspergillus

• Aspergilloma
• I-aspergillosis yemiphunga
• Aspergillosis - esifubeni X-reyi

IPatterson TF. I-Aspergillus iintlobo. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. UMandell, uDouglas, kunye neMigaqo yeBennett kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezosulelayo, uHlelo oluHlaziyiweyo. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 259.

UWalsh TJ. I-Aspergillosis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 339.