Umgada

Umgada sisifo esibulalayo esasasazeka zizilwanyana ezosulelekileyo.

Usulelo lubangelwa yintsholongwane yomgada. Umgada usasazeka ngamathe asulelekileyo angena emzimbeni ngokuluma okanye ulusu olaphukileyo. Le ntsholongwane ihamba ngenxeba iye kwingqondo, apho ibangela ukudumba okanye ukudumba. Oku kudumba kukhokelela kwiimpawu zesi sifo. Uninzi lokufa komgada lwenzeka ebantwaneni.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iimeko zomgada wabantu eUnited States zihlala zibangelwa kukulunywa yinja. Kutshanje, iimeko ezininzi zemigada yabantu ziye zadityaniswa namalulwane kunye neeraccoons. Ukulunywa yizinja kungunobangela oqhelekileyo wamarabi kumazwe asaphuhlayo, ngakumbi iAsia neAfrika. Khange kubekho ngxelo malunga nomgada obangelwe kukulunywa zizinja e-United States iminyaka eliqela ngenxa yokugonywa kwezilwanyana ngokubanzi.

Ezinye izilwanyana zasendle ezinokusasaza intsholongwane ye-rabies zibandakanya:

• Iimpungutye
• Iimbumbulu

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-rabies idluliselwe ngaphandle kokuluma. Olu hlobo losulelo lukholelwa ukuba lubangelwa ngamathe asulelekileyo athe afika emoyeni, ngesiqhelo emiqolombeni yelulwane.

Ixesha eliphakathi kosulelo kunye naxa ugula lisusela kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwiminyaka esi-7. Eli xesha libizwa ngokuba lixesha lokufukama. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokufukama ziiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-12.

Ukoyika amanzi (hydrophobia) lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukutsala amathe
• Ukuxhuzula
• Indawo yokuluma inovakalelo kakhulu
• Imood iyatshintsha
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukuphulukana nokuziva kwindawo yomzimba
• Ukuphulukana nokusebenza kwezihlunu
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi (102 ° F okanye 38.8 ° C, okanye ezantsi) ngentloko
• Ukudumba kwezihlunu
• Ubudenge nokugungqa
• Intlungu kwindawo yokuluma
• Ukungazinzi
• Ukuginya ubunzima (ukusela kubangela i-spasms yebhokisi yelizwi)
• Ukuba nemibono

Ukuba isilwanyana siyakuluma, zama ukuqokelela ulwazi oluninzi malunga nesilwanyana kangangoko. Tsalela umnxeba abasemagunyeni kulawulo lwakho lwezilwanyana ukuze babambe isilwanyana ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuba kurhaneleka ukuba nomgada, isilwanyana siya kubukelwa iimpawu zomgadagada.

Uvavanyo olulodwa olubizwa ngokuba yi-immunofluorescence lusetyenziselwa ukujonga izicwili zobuchopho emva kokuba isilwanyana sifile. Olu vavanyo lunokuveza ukuba ingaba isilwanyana sinomgada na.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kukuvavanya kwaye ajonge ukulunywa. Inxeba liyakucocwa linyangwe.

Oluvavanyo lusetyenziswa kwizilwanyana lunokwenziwa ukukhangela umgada ebantwini. Uvavanyo lusebenzisa isiqwenga sesikhumba esivela entanyeni. Umboneleli unokujonga kwakhona intsholongwane ye-rabies kumathe akho okanye kumqolo womqolo, nangona ezi mvavanyo zingenabuthathaka kwaye zinokufuna ukuphindwa.

Impompo yomqolo inokwenziwa ukujonga iimpawu zosulelo kulwelo lwakho lomqolo. Olunye uvavanyo olwenziwe lunokubandakanya:

• I-MRI yengqondo
• I-CT yentloko

Injongo yonyango kukhulula iimpawu zesilonda sokulunywa kunye nokuvavanya umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-rabies. Coca inxeba kakuhle ngesepha namanzi kwaye ufune uncedo lwezonyango. Uzakufuna umboneleli wokucoca inxeba kunye nokususa naziphi na izinto zangaphandle. Uninzi lwexesha, imitya akufuneki isetyenziselwe izilonda zokulunywa zizilwanyana.

Ukuba ngaba kukho umngcipheko womgada, uya kunikwa uthotho lwesitofu sokuthintela ukhuseleko. Isitofu sokugonya ngokubanzi sinikwa ngeedosi ezi-5 ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-28. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane akanampembelelo kwintsholongwane yomgada.

Uninzi lwabantu lufumana unyango olubizwa ngokuba ngumgada womntu i-immunoglobulin (HRIG). Olu nyango lunikwa umhla wokuluma.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ngoko nangoko emva kokulunywa sisilwanyana okanye emva kokuvezwa kwizilwanyana ezinje ngamalulwane, iimpungutye, kunye neeskunk. Banokuphatha umgada.

• Fowuna naxa kungakhange kulunywe.
• Ugonyo kunye nonyango lwee-rabies ezinokubakho ziyacetyiswa ubuncinci ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-14 emva kokuvezwa okanye ukulunywa.

Akukho lonyango lwaziweyo kubantu abaneempawu zosulelo lwe-rabies, kodwa ke kukho iingxelo ezimbalwa zabantu abasindayo kunyango lovavanyo.

Kuyenzeka ukuba uthintele umgada xa ufumana isitofu sokugonya kwakamsinya emva kokulunywa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho namnye e-United States osele efumene umgada xa benikwa iyeza ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.

Nje ukuba iimpawu zibonakale, umntu kunqabile ukuba asinde kwesi sifo, kwanonyango. Ukusweleka kukusilela kokuphefumla kuhlala kwenzeka kwiintsuku ezisi-7 emva kokuqala kweempawu.

Umgada sisifo esisongela ubomi. Ukuba ayinyangwa, umgada unokukhokelela ekubeni ufe isiqaqa nasekufeni.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, abanye abantu banokuba neempendulo ezichaseneyo nokugonya kwe-rabies.

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba isilwanyana siyakuluma.

Ukunceda ukuthintela umgada:

• Gwema ukudibana nezilwanyana ongazaziyo.
• Fumana ugonyo ukuba usebenza kwindawo enomngcipheko omkhulu okanye uhamba kumazwe anezinga eliphezulu lomgada.
• Qinisekisa ukuba izilwanyana zakho zifumana ugonyo olufanelekileyo. Buza kugqirha wezilwanyana.
• Qiniseka ukuba isilwanyana sakho asidibani nasiphi na isilwanyana sasendle.
• Landela imigaqo yokuvalelwa yedwa ekungeniseni izinja kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo kumazwe angenasifo.

IHydrophobia; Ukuluma kwezilwanyana - umgada; Ukulunywa yinja - umgada; Ukulunywa lilulwane - umgada; Ukulunywa yiRaccoon - umgada

• Umgada
• Inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-peripheral system
• Umgada

IBullard-Berent J. Umgada. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 123.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Umgada. www.cdc.gov/rabies/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 25, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoDisemba 2, 2020.

UWilliam B, uRupprecht CE, uBleck TP. Umgada (rhabdoviruses). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 163.