Leptospirosis

I-Leptospirosis yintsholongwane ebangelwa yi-leptospira bacteria.

Ezi bhaktheriya zifumaneka emanzini amatsha angcoliswe ngumchamo wezilwanyana. Usenokosuleleka xa usidla okanye udibana namanzi okanye umhlaba ongcolisekileyo. Usulelo lwenzeka kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo. I-Leptospirosis ayisasazeki isuka emntwini iye emntwini, ngaphandle kwaxa kunqabile kakhulu.

Izinto zomngcipheko zibandakanya:

• Ukuvezwa emsebenzini-amafama, amafama, abasebenzi abaxhela, abarhwebeli, oogqirha bezilwanyana, abagawuli bemithi, abasebenza ngokuhambisa amanzi amdaka, abasebenzi belayisi, kunye nabezomkhosi
• Imisebenzi yolonwabo-ukubhukuda kwamanzi amatsha, ukuhamba ngephenyane, ukuhamba ngephenyane, kunye nokuhamba ngeebhayisikile kwiindawo ezishushu
• Ukuvezwa kwamakhaya - izinja zasekhaya, imfuyo yasekhaya, iinkqubo zamanzi emvula, kunye neempuku ezosulelekileyo

Isifo seWeil, uhlobo olubi lwe-leptospirosis, kunqabile kwilizwekazi laseMelika. IHawaii inelona nani liphezulu lamatyala e-United States.

Iimpawu zingathabatha iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezingama-30 (umndilili weentsuku ezili-10) ukukhula, kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Ukukhohlela owomileyo
• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intlungu yezihlunu
• Isihlunu, ukugabha, kunye norhudo
• Ukugungqa kobandayo

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Izandi zemiphunga ezingaqhelekanga
• Intlungu yethambo
• Ubomvu obudibeneyo ngaphandle kolwelo
• Ukwandiswa kwamadlala e-lymph
• I-spleen eyandisiweyo okanye isibindi
• Iintlungu ezidibeneyo
• Ukuqina kwemisipha
• Ukuthamba kwezihlunu
• Ukudumba kolusu
• Umqala obuhkungu

Igazi livavanyelwa izilwa-buhlungu kwintsholongwane. Ngexesha lezigaba ezithile zokugula, iibacteria ngokwazo zinokufunyanwa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Yenza ikinase
• Ii-enzyme zesibindi
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo
• Iinkcubeko zegazi

Amayeza okunyanga i-leptospirosis aquka:

• Ampicillin
• I-Azithromycin
• ICeftriaxone
• Uncedo
• IPenicillin

Iimeko ezinzima okanye ezinzima zingadinga ukunakekelwa kwenkxaso. Unokufuna unyango kwisibhedlele esinyamekela kakhulu (ICU).

Imbonakalo ngokubanzi ilungile. Nangona kunjalo, ityala elinzima linokubulala xa linganyangwa ngokukhawuleza.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Impendulo kaJarisch-Herxheimer xa kunikwa ipenicillin
• Ukudumba kwenwebu yengqondo
• Ukopha kakhulu

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu, okanye umngcipheko weleptospirosis.

Ziphephe iindawo ezinamanzi amileyo okanye amanzi ezikhukhula, ingakumbi kwimozulu eshushu. Ukuba ufumene indawo enomngcipheko omkhulu, qaphela ukuba ungasuleli. Nxiba impahla ekhuselayo, izihlangu, okanye izihlangu xa ukufutshane namanzi okanye umhlaba ococeke ngumchamo wezilwanyana. Unokuthatha i-doxycycline ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

Isifo seWeil; Umkhuhlane we-Icterohemorrhagic; Isifo se-Swineherd; Umkhuhlane welayisi; Umkhuhlane wokusika ummoba; Umkhuhlane wamanzi; Umkhuhlane wodaka; I-jaundice eyophayo; Isifo seStuttgart; Umkhuhlane weCanicola

• Iintsholongwane

IGalloway RL, iStoddard RA, iSchafer IJ. Leptospirosis. I-CDC yeNcwadi eNtsundu 2020: Ulwazi lwezeMpilo kuMhambi wamanye amazwe. Amaziko oLawulo lweZifo noThintelo. wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/yellowbook-home. Ukuhlaziywa kweJulayi 18, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 7, 2020.

IHaake DA, iLevett PN. Iintlobo zeLeptospira (leptospirosis). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 239.

UZaki S, Shieh WJ. Leptospirosis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 307.