Ipoliyo

Ipoliyo sisifo esosulela ngentsholongwane kwaye sinokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni okugcweleyo okanye okupheleleyo. Igama lonyango lwepoliyo yipoliyo.

Ipoliyo sisifo esibangelwa sisifo sepoliyo. Intsholongwane isasazeka ngo:

• Qhagamshelana nomntu nomntu
• Ukuqhagamshelana ne-mucus okanye i-phlegm echaphazelekayo kwimpumlo okanye emlonyeni
• Nxibelelana nelindle elosulelekileyo

Le ntsholongwane ingena ngomlomo nangempumlo, iphindaphindeke emqaleni nasemanzini, ize ke ifunxwe ize isasaze igazi kunye nenkqubo yelym. Ixesha lokusulelwa yintsholongwane ukuya ekuphuhliseni iimpawu zesifo (ukufukama) lisusela kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezingama-35 (umndilili weentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-14). Uninzi lwabantu aluziphuhlisi iimpawu.

Izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• Ukungabikho kogonyo ngokuchasene nepoliyo
• Ukuya kwindawo ethe yaqhambuka sisifo sepoliyo

Ngenxa yephulo lokugonya kwihlabathi liphela kule minyaka ingama-25 idlulileyo, ipoliyo iye yasuswa ikakhulu. Esi sifo sisekhona kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika nase-Asiya, kuqhambuko olwenzeka kumaqela abantu abangagonywanga. Uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo lwala mazwe, ndwendwela iwebhusayithi: www.polioeradication.org.

Zine iipateni ezisisiseko zosulelo lwepoliyo: usulelo olungafakwanga, isifo sokukhupha isisu, ukungapholi, kunye nokukhubazeka.

UKOSULELEKA OKUNGENAKWENZEKA

Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo sepoliyo banezifo ezingabonakaliyo. Bahlala bengenazo iimpawu. Ekuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuba ngaba umntu wosulelekile kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi okanye olunye uvavanyo ukufumana intsholongwane esitulweni okanye emqaleni.

ISIFO ESIPHAMBILI

Abantu abanesifo sokukhupha isisu baba neempawu ezimalunga ne-1 ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2 emva kokosulelwa yintsholongwane. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3
• Ukuphazamiseka ngokubanzi okanye ukungonwabi (i-malaise)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Intlungu yesisu

Ezi mpawu zihlala ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-5 kwaye abantu bachacha ngokupheleleyo. Abanawo umqondiso weengxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

IPOLIYO ENGENASIPHELELO

Abantu abaphuhlisa le fomu yepoliyo baneempawu zepoliyo ekhupha isisu kwaye iimpawu zabo zinamandla ngakumbi. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Imisipha eqinileyo kunye neentlungu emva kwentamo, i-trunk, iingalo kunye nemilenze
• Iingxaki zomchamo kunye nokuqhinwa
• Utshintsho ekuphenduleni kwezihlunu (reflexes) njengoko isifo siqhubeka

IPOLIYO YOMHLABA

Olu hlobo lwepoliyo lukhula kwipesenti encinci yabantu abosuleleke yintsholongwane yepoliyo. Iimpawu zibandakanya ezo zepoliyo ekhupha isisu nengasebenziyo. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukukhubazeka, ukulahleka kwezicubu zomzimba
• Ukuphefumla okubuthathaka
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Ukutsala amathe
• Ilizwi elingxolayo
• Ukuqhinwa kakhulu kunye neengxaki zomchamo

Ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba, umboneleli wezempilo unokufumana:

• Ingqondo engaqhelekanga
• Ukuqina okungasemva
• Kunzima ukuphakamisa intloko okanye imilenze xa ulele tyaba ngasemva
• Intamo elukhuni
• Ingxaki yokugoba intamo

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Iinkcubeko zokuhlamba umqala, izitulo, okanye ulwelo lomqolo
• Impompo yomqolo kunye novavanyo lwe-spinal fluid (uvavanyo lwe-CSF) usebenzisa i-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
• Uvavanyo lwamanqanaba ee-antibodies kwintsholongwane yepoliyo

Injongo yonyango kukulawula iimpawu ngelixa usulelo luqhuba ikhosi. Akukho lunyango oluthile lolu sulelo lwintsholongwane.

Abantu abaneemeko ezinzima banokufuna iindlela zokusindisa ubomi, ezinje ngoncedo ngokuphefumla.

Iimpawu ziphathwa ngokujonga ukuba zinzima kangakanani na. Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kusulelo lomchamo
• Ubushushu obufumileyo (iiphedi zokufudumeza, iitawuli ezifudumeleyo) ukunciphisa iintlungu zemisipha kunye ne-spasms
• Iipilisi zokunciphisa iintlungu ukunciphisa iintlungu, iintlungu zemisipha, kunye ne-spasms (ii-narcotic azihlali zinikezelwa kuba zonyusa umngcipheko wokuphefumla)
• Unyango lomzimba, izihlangu okanye izihlangu zokulungisa, okanye utyando lwamathambo ukunceda ukubuyisela amandla emisipha kunye nokusebenza

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo nakwindawo yomzimba echaphazelekayo. Uninzi lwexesha, ukubuyiswa okupheleleyo kunokwenzeka ukuba intambo yomqolo kunye nengqondo azibandakanyekanga.

Ingqondo okanye ukubandakanyeka kwentambo yomqolo yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango enokubangela ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa (ihlala ivela kwiingxaki zokuphefumla).

Ukukhubazeka kuqheleke ngakumbi kunokufa. Usulelo oluphezulu kwintambo yomqolo okanye kwingqondo lwandisa umngcipheko weengxaki zokuphefumla.

Iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangelwa yipoliyo zibandakanya:

• I-pneumonia yokuphefumla
• I-Cor pulmonale (uhlobo lokusilela kwentliziyo olufunyenwe kwicala lasekunene lenkqubo yokujikeleza)
• Ukungabikho kokuhamba
• Iingxaki zemiphunga
• IMyocarditis (ukudumba kwentliziyo yemisipha)
• Ileus ekhubazekileyo (ukulahleka komsebenzi wamathumbu)
• Ukukhubazeka ngokusisigxina kwemisipha, ukukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka
• I-edema ye-pulmonary (ukwakheka okungaqhelekanga kolwelo kwimiphunga)
• Umothuko
• Usulelo lomjelo womchamo

I-post-polio syndrome yinkxalabo ekhulayo kwabanye abantu, ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu emva kokuba bahlaselwe kuqala. Imisipha ebisele ibuthathaka inokuba buthathaka. Ubuthathaka bunokukhula nakwimisipha engakhange ichaphazeleke ngaphambili.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Umntu osondele kuwe uphuhlise ipoliyo kwaye khange ugonywe.
• Uphuhlisa iimpawu zepoliyo.
• Ugonyo lwepoliyo lomntwana wakho (ugonyo) alukho semgangathweni.

Ukugonywa kwepoliyo (isitofu sokugonya) kuthintela ipoliyo kubantu abaninzi (ugonyo lusebenza ngaphezulu kwama-90%).

Poliomyelitis; Ukukhubazeka kosana; Isifo sepoliyo emva kwepoliyo

• Ipoliomyelitis

UJorgensen S, uArnold WD. Izifo zeemoto ze-neuron. Ku: Cifu DX, ed. IBraddom's Physical Medicine kunye noVuselelo. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 40.

URomero JR. IPoliovirus. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 171.

Simões EAF. Iipolioviruses. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 276.