Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo yimeko echongiweyo ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18 ebandakanya ukusebenza kwengqondo engaphantsi komndilili kunye nokusilela kwezakhono eziyimfuneko kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, igama elithi ukudodobala kwengqondo lalisetyenziselwa ukuchaza le meko. Eli gama alisasetyenziswa.

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kuthintela malunga ne-1% ukuya kwi-3% yabemi. Zininzi izinto ezibangela ukukhubazeka ngokwasengqondweni, kodwa oogqirha bafumana izizathu ezithile kuphela kuma-25% amatyala.

Izinto ezinobungozi zihambelana nezizathu. Izizathu zokukhubazeka kwengqondo zinokubandakanya:

• Usulelo (olukhoyo ekuzalweni okanye olwenzeka emva kokuzalwa)
• Ukuchaphazeleka kweChromosomal (njengeDown syndrome)
• Ezendalo
• I-Metabolic (njenge-hyperbilirubinemia, okanye amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-bilirubin kwiintsana)
• Isondlo (njengokungondleki)
• Inetyhefu (ukubonakaliswa kwe-intrauterine etywaleni, icocaine, amphetamines, kunye nezinye iziyobisi)
• Umothuko (ngaphambi nasemva kokuzalwa)
• Ukungachazwa (oogqirha abasazi isizathu sokukhubazeka komntu)

Njengentsapho, unokukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho ukhubazeke ngengqondo xa umntwana wakho enazo ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukusilela okanye ukukhula kancinci kwezakhono zeemoto, izakhono zolwimi, kunye nezakhono zokuzinceda, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa noontanga
• Ukusilela ukukhula ngokwasengqondweni okanye ukuqhubeka nokuziphatha okufana nosana
• Ukunqongophala komdla
• Iingxaki zokugcina esikolweni
• Ukusilela ukulungelelanisa (lungelelanisa iimeko ezintsha)
• Ubunzima bokuqonda kunye nokulandela imigaqo yentlalo

Iimpawu zokukhubazeka kwengqondo zinokuthamba ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima.

Uvavanyo lokukhula luhlala lusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya umntwana:

• Uvavanyo olungaqhelekanga lokukhula kovavanyo lweDenver
• Amanqaku okuziphatha okuguqukayo apha ngezantsi komndilili
• Indlela yophuhliso engezantsi koontanga
• Amanqaku e-Intelligence quotient (IQ) angaphantsi kwama-70 kuvavanyo lwe-IQ

Injongo yonyango kukuphucula amandla omntu ngokupheleleyo. Imfundo noqeqesho olulodwa lunokuqala kwasebusaneni. Oku kubandakanya izakhono zentlalo zokunceda umntu asebenze ngokwesiqhelo.

Kubalulekile ukuba ingcali ivavanye umntu ezinye iingxaki zomzimba nezengqondo. Abantu abakhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni bahlala bencedwa ngengcebiso malunga nokuziphatha.

Xoxa ngonyango kunye nenketho yokhetho lomntwana wakho kunye nomboneleli wakho wezempilo okanye unontlalontle ukuze uncede umntwana wakho afikelele kumandla abo apheleleyo.

Ezi zibonelelo zinokunika ulwazi oluthe kratya:

• Umbutho waseMelika malunga nokuKhubazeka kwengqondo noPhuculo- www.aaidd.org
• IArc- www.thearc.org
• Umbutho weSizwe we-Down Syndrome- www.nads.org

Iziphumo zixhomekeke:

• Ubuzaza kunye nonobangela wokukhubazeka kwengqondo
• Ezinye iimeko
• Unyango kunye nonyango

Abantu abaninzi baphila ubomi obunemveliso kwaye bafunda ukusebenza ngokwabo. Abanye bafuna indawo eyakhiweyo ukuze baphumelele.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Unayo nayiphi na inkxalabo malunga nokukhula komntwana wakho
• Uyabona ukuba iimoto zomntwana wakho okanye izakhono zolwimi azikhulisi ngokwesiqhelo
• Umntwana wakho unezinye iingxaki ezifuna unyango

Imfuza. Ukucetyiswa ngokwemvelo kunye nokuhlolwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokunceda abazali baqonde ubungozi kwaye benze izicwangciso kunye nezigqibo.

Ezentlalo. Iinkqubo zesondlo zinokunciphisa ukukhubazeka okunxulunyaniswa nokungondleki. Ukungenelela kwangethuba kwiimeko ezibandakanya ukuxhatshazwa kunye nentlupheko kuya kunceda.

Ityhefu. Ukuthintela ukuvezwa kwilothe, i-mercury, kunye nezinye iityhefu kunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhubazeka. Ukufundisa abasetyhini malunga neengozi zotywala kunye neziyobisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

Izifo ezosulelayo. Ezinye izifo zingakhokelela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo. Ukuthintela ezi zifo kunciphisa umngcipheko. Umzekelo, i-rubella syndrome inokuthintelwa ngokugonywa. Ukuthintela ukuvezwa kwilindle lekati elinokubangela i-toxoplasmosis ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunceda ukunciphisa ukukhubazeka kolu sulelo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ekukhuleni; Ukudodobala kwengqondo

Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika. Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Unyango woNyango kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo. Umhla we-5. IArlington, VA: Ukupapashwa kwengqondo yaseMelika; Ngo-2013: 33-41.

Shapiro BK, O'Neill ME. Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 53.