Ukukhetha ukungaguquki

Ukukhetha ukuguqula imeko apho umntwana angathetha khona, kodwa ngesiquphe ayeke ukuthetha. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu esikolweni okanye kuseto lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukukhetha ukungaguquki kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu. Unobangela, okanye oonobangela, abaziwa. Uninzi lweengcali zikholelwa ukuba abantwana abanale meko bathambekele ekubeni nexhala kunye nokuthintelwa. Uninzi lwabantwana abane-mutism ekhethiweyo banendlela ethile yokoyika okugwenxa ekuhlaleni (phobia).

Abazali bahlala becinga ukuba umntwana ukhetha ukungathethi. Nangona kunjalo kwiimeko ezininzi, umntwana akakwazi ukuthetha kwizicwangciso ezithile.

Abanye abantwana abachaphazelekayo banembali yosapho yokukhetha i-mutism, ukuba neentloni kakhulu, okanye ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo, okunokunyusa umngcipheko weengxaki ezifanayo.

Le syndrome ayifani nokuguquka. Kwi-mutism ekhethiweyo, umntwana unokuqonda kwaye athethe, kodwa akakwazi ukuthetha kuseto oluthile okanye kwimeko. Abantwana abanesifo sokuthula abasathethi.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Amandla okuthetha ekhaya nosapho
• Uloyiko okanye unxunguphalo olujikeleze abantu abangabazi kakuhle
• Ukungakwazi ukuthetha kwiimeko ezithile zentlalo
• Ukuba neentloni

Le patheni kufuneka ibonwe ubuncinci kwinyanga enye ukuze ikhethe ukungafani. (Inyanga yokuqala yesikolo ayibali, kuba iintloni ziqhelekile ngeli xesha.)

Akukho luvavanyo lokukhetha ukunganyangeki. Uxilongo lusekwe kwimbali yomntu weempawu.

Ootitshala nabacebisi kufuneka baqwalasele imiba yenkcubeko, njengokufudukela kwilizwe elitsha kunye nokuthetha olunye ulwimi. Abantwana abangaqinisekanga ngokuthetha ulwimi olutsha banokungafuni ukulusebenzisa ngaphandle kwendawo eqhelekileyo. Le ayisiyonyaniso yokukhetha.

Imbali yomntu ye-mutism nayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Abantu abaye bafumana uxinzelelo banokubonisa ezinye zeempawu ezifanayo ezibonwe kukhetho lokukhetha.

Ukunyanga ukukhetha mutism kubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha. Usapho lomntwana kunye nesikolo kufuneka sithathe inxaxheba. Amayeza athile anyanga uxinzelelo kunye ne-phobia yentlalo asetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.

Unokufumana ulwazi kunye nezixhobo ngokukhetha amaqela enkxaso mutism.

Abantwana abanale syndrome banokuba neziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Abanye banokufuna ukuqhubeka nokunyanga ukuze babe neentloni kunye noxinzelelo lwentlalo kwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo, kwaye mhlawumbi babe ngabantu abadala.

Ukukhetha ukungaguquki kunokuchaphazela amandla omntwana okusebenza esikolweni okanye kuseto lwentlalo. Ngaphandle konyango, iimpawu zinokuba mandundu.

Tsalela umnxeba ukhathalelo lwempilo ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu zokukhetha ukunganyamezeleki, kwaye ichaphazela isikolo kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu.

I-Bostic JQ, iNkosana JB, iBuxton DC. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ii-eds. Isibhedlele saseMassachusetts Jikelele esiBanzi seNyango yoNyango. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 69.

IRosenberg DR, iChiriboga JA. Ukuxhalaba. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 38.

Iimpawu zeMD. Ukuphuhliswa kolwimi kunye nokuphazamiseka konxibelelwano. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 52.