IHydrocephalus

I-Hydrocephalus yindawo yokwakha ulwelo ngaphakathi kolukakayi olukhokelela kukudumba kwengqondo.

IHydrocephalus ithetha "amanzi kwingqondo."

IHydrocephalus ngenxa yengxaki kukuhamba kolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo. Olu lwelo lubizwa ngokuba yi-cerebrospinal fluid, okanye i-CSF. Umbane ujikeleze ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo kwaye unceda ukukhusela ingqondo.

I-CSF ihlala ihamba ngengqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo kwaye ifakwe emanzini. Amanqanaba e-CSF kwingqondo anokuphakama ukuba:

• Ukuhamba kwe-CSF kuthintelwe.
• Ulwelo alungena ngokufanelekileyo egazini.
• Ingqondo yenza ulwelo oluninzi.

Uninzi lwe-CSF lubeka uxinzelelo kwingqondo. Oku kutyhala ubuchopho phezulu kukhakhayi kwaye konakalisa izicwili zobuchopho.

IHydrocephalus ingaqala ngelixa umntwana ekhula esibelekweni. Kuqhelekile kwiintsana ezine-myelomeningocele, isiphene sokuzalwa apho ikholamu yomqolo ingavali ngokufanelekileyo.

IHydrocephalus inokuba ngenxa:

• Iziphene zemfuza
• Usulelo oluthile ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Kubantwana abancinci, i-hydrocephalus inokubangelwa:

• Usulelo oluchaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous central (enjenge-meningitis okanye i-encephalitis), ngakumbi kwiintsana.
• Ukopha ebuchotsheni ngexesha okanye emva nje kokubeleka (ngakumbi kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha).
• Ukwenzakala ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokubeleka, kubandakanya ukopha okungaphantsi kwento.
• Izidumbu zenkqubo ye-nervous system, kubandakanya nengqondo okanye umnqonqo.
• Ukwenzakala okanye ukwenzakala.

IHydrocephalus ihlala yenzekile ebantwaneni. Olunye uhlobo, olubizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hydrocephalus, lunokwenzeka kubantu abadala nakubantu abadala.

Iimpawu zehydrocephalus zixhomekeke:

• Ubudala
• Inani lokonakala kwengqondo
• Yintoni ebangela ulwakhiwo lwe-CSF fluid

Kwiintsana, ihydrocephalus ibangela ukuba i-fontanelle (indawo ethambileyo) ibambe kwaye intloko ibenkulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. Iimpawu zokuqala zinokubandakanya:

• Amehlo abonakala ejonge ezantsi
• Ukucaphuka
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukwahlulahlula iisuture
• Ukulala
• Ukuhlanza

Iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke kubantwana abadala zingabandakanya:

• Ngokufutshane, ukukhwaza, ukukhala okuphezulu
• Utshintsho kubuntu, kwimemori, okanye kwisakhono sokuqiqa okanye sokucinga
• Utshintsho kwinkangeleko yobuso kunye nokushiyeka kwamehlo
• Amehlo awele okanye ukungalawuleki kwamehlo
• Ukutya okunzima
• Ukulala kakhulu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukucaphuka, ukulawula umsindo
• Ukuphulukana nolawulo lwesinyi (ukungabikho komchamo)
• Ukuphulukana nolungelelwaniso kunye nengxaki yokuhamba
• Ukuxhamla kwemisipha (spasm)
• Ukukhula kancinci (umntwana ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5)
• Ukuhamba kancinci okanye ukuthintelwa
• Ukuhlanza

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuluhlola usana olo. Oku kungabonisa:

• Imithambo eyoluliweyo okanye edumbileyo entlonzeni yosana.
• Izandi ezingaqhelekanga xa umboneleli ethepha kancinci kugebhezi, ucebisa ngengxaki ngamathambo okakayi.
• Yonke okanye inxalenye yentloko inokuba nkulu kunesiqhelo, ihlala iphambili.
• Amehlo ajongeka "atshonile."
• Inxalenye emhlophe yamehlo ibonakala ngaphezulu kwendawo enemibala, iyenza ibonakale "njengokutshona kwelanga."
• I-Reflexes inokuba yinto eqhelekileyo.

Ukuphindaphinda imilinganiselo yokujikeleza kwentloko ngokuhamba kwexesha kunokubonisa ukuba intloko iya ikhula.

Intloko ye-CT scan lolunye lolona vavanyo lubalaseleyo lokuchonga ihydrocephalus. Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• IArteriography
• Ukuskena kwengqondo usebenzisa ii-radioisotopes
• I-cranial ultrasound (i-ultrasound yengqondo)
• Ukugqobhoza i-Lumbar kunye noviwo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid (enqabileyo ukuyenza)
• Ukhakhayi x-reyi

Injongo yonyango ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela ukonakala kwengqondo ngokuphucula ukuhamba kwe-CSF.

Utyando lunokwenziwa ukususa ukubhloka, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Ukuba akunjalo, ityhubhu eguqukayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-shunt inokubekwa kwingqondo ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwe-CSF. I-shunt ithumela i-CSF kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, njengendawo yesisu, apho inokufunxwa khona.

Olunye unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuba kukho imiqondiso yosulelo. Usulelo olunzima lunokufuna ukuba isuswe isuswe.
• Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), ekhulula uxinzelelo ngaphandle kokutshintsha i-shunt.
• Ukususa okanye ukutshisa (cauterizing) iinxalenye zobuchopho ezivelisa i-CSF.

Umntwana uya kufuna ukukhangelwa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba azikho ezinye iingxaki. Uvavanyo luya kwenziwa rhoqo ukujonga ukukhula komntwana, kunye nokujonga iingxaki zengqondo, zemithambo-luvo, okanye zomzimba.

Abongikazi abatyelelayo, iinkonzo zentlalo-ntle, amaqela enkxaso, kunye neearhente zalapha ekhaya banokubonelela ngenkxaso yeemvakalelo kunye noncedo kukhathalelo lomntwana onehydrocephalus onomonakalo omkhulu engqondweni.

Ngaphandle konyango, abantu abayi-6 kwabali-10 abane-hydrocephalus baya kufa. Abo basindayo baya kuba nemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yokukhubazeka kwengqondo, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwemithambo-luvo.

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke kwisizathu. IHydrocephalus engekho ngenxa yosulelo inombono ogqwesileyo. Abantu abanehydrocephalus ebangelwa ngamathumba bahlala besenza kakubi.

Uninzi lwabantwana abane-hydrocephalus abaphila unyaka omnye baya kuba nobomi obuqhelekileyo.

I-shunt inokuvalwa. Iimpawu zokuvaleka okunje zibandakanya intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokugabha. Oogqirha banokukwazi ukunceda i-shunt ivule ngaphandle kokuyibuyisela.

Kukho ezinye iingxaki nge-shunt, njenge-kinking, ukuhlukana kweetyhubhu, okanye usulelo kwindawo ye-shunt.

Ezinye iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Iingxaki zotyando
• Usulelo olunjenge-meningitis okanye i-encephalitis
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• Ukonakala kwemithambo (ukuncipha kwentshukumo, imvakalelo, umsebenzi)
• Iziphene zomzimba

Funa unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba umntwana wakho unayo nayiphi na impawu yesi sifo. Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911 ukuba iimpawu ezingxamisekileyo zivela, ezinje:

• Iingxaki zokuphefumla
• Ukozela kakhulu okanye ukozela
• Ubunzima bokutya
• Ifiva
• Isikhalo esiphakamileyo
• Akukho ukubetha kwentliziyo (ukubetha kwentliziyo)
• Ukuxhuzula
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intamo elukhuni
• Ukuhlanza

Kuya kufuneka ubize umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Umntwana ufumaniswe ukuba une-hydrocephalus, kwaye imeko iya isiba mandundu.
• Awunakho ukukhathalela umntwana ekhaya.

Khusela intloko yosana okanye yomntwana ekonzakaleni. Unyango olukhawulezileyo losulelo kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka okunxulunyaniswa nehydrocephalus kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo.

Amanzi kwingqondo

• I-Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - ukukhutshwa

• Ukhakhayi losana olusandul 'ukuzalwa

UJamil O, uKestle JRW. IHeydocephalus ebantwaneni: i-etiology kunye nolawulo ngokubanzi. Ku: Winn HR, ed. Ugqirha we-Youmans kunye no-Winn Neurological. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahl. 197.

Isalamane SL, uJohnston MV. Ukungafani okuzalwa kwenkqubo ye-nervous system. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 609.

IRosenberg GA. I-edema yobuchopho kunye nokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahl 88.