Kwashiorkor

I-Kwashiorkor luhlobo lokungondleki olwenzeka xa kungekho proteni yaneleyo ekutyeni.

I-Kwashiorkor ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo apho kukho:

• Indlala
• Ukutya okunqongopheleyo
• Amanqanaba emfundo asezantsi (xa abantu bengakuqondi ukutya ngendlela efanelekileyo)

Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe ahluphekayo. Inokwenzeka ngexesha:

• Imbalela okanye enye intlekele yendalo, okanye
• Izidubedube zezopolitiko.

Ezi ziganeko zihlala zikhokelela kukungabikho kokutya, kubangele ukungondleki.

I-Kwashiorkor inqabile kubantwana eUnited States. Kukho iimeko ezizodwa kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, omnye urhulumente uqikelela ukuba uninzi lwabantu abasele bekhulile abahlala kumakhaya abalupheleyo eUnited States abafumani protein ngokwaneleyo ekutyeni kwabo.

Xa i-kwashiorkor isenzeka e-United States, ihlala iluphawu lokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kunye nokungakhathalelwa.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Utshintsho kumbala wolusu
• Ukuhla kwemisipha
• Urhudo
• Ukusilela ukutyeba kunye nokukhula
• Ukudinwa
• Utshintsho lweenwele (utshintsho kumbala okanye ubume)
• Ukonyuka kunye nokosuleleka kakhulu ngenxa yokonakaliswa kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela
• Ukucaphuka
• Isisu esikhulu esikhupha (siphume)
• Ukungakhathali okanye ukungakhathali
• Ukuphulukana nobunzima bemisipha
• Irhashalala (dermatitis)
• Umothuko (inqanaba lokugqibela)
• Ukudumba (iedema)

Uvavanyo lomzimba lunokubonisa isibindi esandisiweyo (hepatomegaly) kunye nokudumba ngokubanzi.

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Irhasi yegazi ejikelezayo
• BUN
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ukucoca creatinine
• I-serum creatinine
• I-potassium yeSerum
• Amanqanaba eprotheni ewonke
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo

Abantu abaqala unyango kwangoko banokuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Injongo kukufumana iikhalori ezingaphezulu kunye neeproteni kukutya kwabo. Abantwana abanesi sifo abakwazi ukufikelela kubude obupheleleyo kunye nokukhula kwabo.

Iikhalori zinikwa kuqala ngohlobo lweecarbohydrate, iiswekile ezilula, kunye namafutha. Iiproteni ziqalisiwe emva kweminye imithombo yeekhalori esele zibonelele ngamandla. Vitamin kunye neeminerali izongezo ziya kunikwa.

Ukutya kufuneka kuqalwe kwakhona kancinci kuba umntu ebengenakutya ixesha elide. Ngequbuliso ukutya ukutya okunekhalori ezininzi kunokubangela iingxaki.

Uninzi lwabantwana abangondlekanga baya kuba nokunyamezelana noshukela wobisi (ukunganyamezelani kwe-lactose). Kuya kufuneka banikwe izongezo nge-enzyme lactase ukuze bakwazi ukunyamezela iimveliso zobisi.

Abantu abothukileyo bafuna unyango kwangoko ukubuyisela umthamo wegazi kunye nokugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukufumana unyango kwangoko kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezilungileyo. Ukunyanga i-kwashiorkor kwinqanaba layo lokugqibela kuya kuyiphucula impilo yomntwana ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana unokushiyeka eneengxaki ezingapheliyo zomzimba nezengqondo. Ukuba unyango alunikwa okanye lufike emva kwexesha, le meko isongela ubomi.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Coma
• Ukukhubazeka okungapheliyo kwengqondo kunye nomzimba
• Umothuko

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu zekwashiorkor.

Ukuthintela i-kwashiorkor, qiniseka ukuba indlela otya ngayo ine-carbohydrate eyaneleyo, amafutha (ubuncinci i-10% yeekhalori zizonke), kunye neeproteni (ezili-12% yeekhalori zizonke).

Iiproteni ukungondleki; Iiprotein-khalori ukungondleki; Ukungondleki okubi

• Iimpawu zeKwashiorkor

UAshworth A. Isondlo, ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nempilo. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 57.

UManary MJ, uTrehan I. Iprotein-yamandla ukungondleki. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 203.