Iliso lokuzalwa lomntu

I-cataract ye-congenital kukugcwala kwelensi yamehlo ekhoyo ekuzalweni. Iilensi zeso zihlala zicacile. Ijolisa ekukhanyeni okuza kwiliso kwi-retina.

Ngokungafaniyo ne-cataract ezininzi, ezenzeka ngokuguga, i-cataract ye-congenital ikhona ngexesha lokuzalwa.

Iikhathalo zokuzalwa zinqabile. Uninzi lwabantu, akukho sizathu sinokufunyanwa.

Iintsuku zokubeleka ezalwa rhoqo zihlala ziyinxalenye yezi ziphene zilandelayo:

• Isifo seChondrodysplasia
• I-rubella yokuzalwa
• Isifo seConradi-Hünermann
• I-Down syndrome (i-trisomy 21)
• Isifo se-Ectodermal dysplasia
• Usapho oluqhelekileyo lokuzalwa
• IGalactosemia
• Isifo seHallermann-Streiff
• Isifo seLowe
• Isifo seMarinesco-Sjögren
• Isifo sikaPierre-Robin
• ITrisomy 13

Iintsana esizalwa nazo zihlala zikhangeleka zahlukile kunezinye iintlobo zekati.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Usana alubonakali ngathi aluboni ngokubonakalayo umhlaba ojikelezileyo (ukuba ngamehlo ngamehlo omabini)
• Grey okanye mhlophe ubumnyama bomfundi (oqhele ukuba mnyama)
• "Iliso elibomvu" ukukhanya komfundi kulahlekile kwiifoto, okanye kwahlukile phakathi kwamehlo amabini
• Ukuhamba kwamehlo ngokukhawuleza okungaqhelekanga (nystagmus)

Ukuchonga isifo sokuzalwa kwamehlo, usana kufuneka lube novavanyo lwamehlo olupheleleyo ngugqirha wamehlo. Usana kusenokufuneka luvavanywe ngugqirha wabantwana onamava kunyango lweengxaki ezizuzwe njengelifa. Uvavanyo lwegazi okanye ii-x-reyi zisenokufuneka.

Ukuba i-cataract ye-congenital ithambile kwaye ayichaphazeli umbono, kusenokungafuneki ukuba inyangwe, ngakumbi ukuba emehlweni omabini.

Ukumodareyitha okumodareyitha ukuya kubukhali obuchaphazela umbono, okanye isifo samehlo esikwiliso elinye kuphela, kuya kufuneka siphathwe ngotyando lokususa ikati. Uninzi lotyando lwe-cataract (noncongenital), iilensi ze-intraocular lens (IOL) zifakwa kwiliso. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-IOLs kwiintsana kuyimpikiswano. Ngaphandle kwe-IOL, usana luya kufuna ukunxiba iilensi zonxibelelwano.

Ukuphatha ngenkani ukunyanzela umntwana ukuba asebenzise iliso elibuthathaka kuhlala kufuneka ukukhusela i-amblyopia.

Usana lusenokufuna ukunyangwa kwisifo esasizuz 'ilifa esibangela ukuba umntu abambe amehlo.

Ukususa i-cataract ye-congenital kuhlala kuyinkqubo ekhuselekileyo, esebenzayo. Umntwana uya kufuna ukulandelelwa ukuze abuyele kwimeko yesiqhelo. Uninzi lweentsana lunenqanaba elithile "leliso elonqenayo" (amblyopia) ngaphambi kotyando kwaye kuya kufuneka lisebenzise ukudibanisa.

Ngokuhlinzwa ngamehlo kukho umngcipheko omncinci kakhulu woku:

• Ukopha
• Usulelo
• Ukudumba

Iintsana ezenziwa uqhaqho lokuzalwa ngokuzalwa kunokwenzeka ukuba zikhulise olunye uhlobo lwento ekhathazayo, enokufuna olunye unyango okanye unyango lwe-laser.

Uninzi lwezifo ezinxulunyaniswa nokuzalwa kwamehlo kungachaphazela namanye amalungu.

Biza ukuqeshwa ngokungxamisekileyo nomboneleli wezempilo wosana lwakho ukuba:

• Uyaqaphela ukuba umntwana welinye okanye omabini amehlo avela emhlophe okanye enamafu.
• Umntwana ubonakala ngathi akahoyi inxalenye yelizwe labo elibonakalayo.

Ukuba unembali yosapho yokuphazamiseka kwilifa kunokubangela ukubeleka kwamehlo, cinga ngokufuna iingcebiso ngemfuzo.

Cataract - lokuzalwa

• Iliso
• I-Cataract - ukuvala iliso
• Isifo seRubella
• Cataract

UCioffi GA, uLiebmann JM. Izifo zenkqubo yokubonakalayo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 395.

Iqela le-FH. Uviwo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo kwiliso lokuzalwa komntwana. Ku: UMartin RJ, uFanaroff AA, uWalsh MC, ii-eds. UFanaroff kunye noMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 95.

I-Wevill M. Epidemiology, i-pathophysiology, oonobangela, i-morphology, kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo zekati. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 5.3.