Ukutyelela umntwana kakuhle

Ubuntwana lixesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye notshintsho. Abantwana batyelela abantwana ngakumbi xa bebancinci. Kungenxa yokuba uphuhliso luyakhawuleza kule minyaka.

Utyelelo ngalunye lubandakanya uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba. Kolu vavanyo, umboneleli wezempilo uya kujonga ukukhula kunye nokukhula komntwana ukuze afumane okanye athintele iingxaki.

Umboneleli uya kubhala ubude bomntwana wakho, ubunzima, kunye nolunye ulwazi olubalulekileyo. Ukuva, umbono, kunye nolunye uvavanyo lovavanyo luya kuba yinxalenye yotyelelo.

Nokuba umntwana wakho usempilweni, ukutyelelwa ngumntwana olungileyo lixesha elifanelekileyo lokujonga impilo yomntwana wakho. Ukuthetha ngeendlela zokuphucula ukhathalelo kunye nokukhusela iingxaki kunceda ukugcina umntwana wakho esempilweni.

Xa undwendwela umntwana wakho kakuhle, uya kufumana ulwazi ngezihloko ezinje:

• Lala
• Ukhuseleko
• Izifo zabantwana
• Yintoni onokuyilindela njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula

Bhala phantsi imibuzo kunye neenkxalabo zakho uze nazo. Oku kuya kukunceda ufumane uninzi kutyelelo.

Umboneleli wakho uya kunika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwindlela akhula ngayo umntwana wakho xa kuthelekiswa neziganeko eziqhelekileyo zophuhliso. Ukuphakama komntwana, ubunzima, kunye nokujikeleza kwentloko kubhalwe kwitshathi yokukhula. Le tshathi ihlala iyinxalenye yerekhodi lonyango lomntwana. Ukuthetha ngokukhula komntwana wakho yindawo elungileyo ukuqala ingxoxo malunga nempilo yomntwana wakho ngokubanzi. Buza umboneleli wakho malunga nejika lomzimba (BMI) ijika, esona sixhobo sibaluleke kakhulu ekuchongeni nasekuthinteleni ukutyeba kakhulu.

Umboneleli wakho uya kuthetha ngezinye izihloko zokuphila njengemicimbi yobudlelwane bosapho, isikolo, kunye nokufikelela kwiinkonzo zoluntu.

Kukho iishedyuli ezininzi zotyelelo oluqhelekileyo lwabantwana. Ishedyuli enye, eyacetyiswa yiAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, inikwe apha ngezantsi.

ISHEDYULI YOKUKHUSELA EZEMPILO

Ukutyelela umboneleli ngaphambili usana luzelwe lunokubaluleka ngokukodwa:

• Abazali bokuqala.
• Abazali abakhulelwe kakhulu.
• Nawuphi na umzali onemibuzo malunga nemicimbi efana nokondla, ukoluka, kunye nemicimbi yezempilo yabantwana ngokubanzi.

Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, utyelelo olulandelayo kufuneka lube ziintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 emva kokuzisa usana ekhaya (lweentsana ezanyiswa) okanye xa usana luneentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 ubudala (kubo bonke abantwana abakhululwa esibhedlele phambi kokuba babe neentsuku ezimbini endala). Abanye ababoneleli baya kulibazisa utyelelo de umntwana abe li-1 ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2 ubudala kubazali ababekhe babanabantwana ngaphambili.

Emva koko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utyelelo lwenzeke kule minyaka ilandelayo (umboneleli wakho angakongeza okanye weqe utyelelo ngokuxhomekeke kwimpilo yomntwana wakho okanye kumava akho obuzali):

• Ngenyanga enye
• Iinyanga ezi-2
• Iinyanga ezi-4
• Iinyanga ezi-6
• Iinyanga ezili-9
• Iinyanga ezili-12
• Iinyanga ezili-15
• Iinyanga ezili-18
• iminyaka eyi-2
• 2 1/2 yeminyaka
• Iminyaka emi-3
• Unyaka ngamnye emva koko ukuya kwiminyaka engama-21

Kwakhona, kuya kufuneka ubize okanye undwendwele umboneleli ngalo naliphi na ixesha xa umntwana wakho okanye umntwana ebonakala egula okanye nanini na ukhathazekile ngempilo yomntwana wakho okanye ukukhula kwakhe.

IMIBA ENXULUMENE

Izinto zovavanyo lomzimba:

• I-Auscultation (ukumamela intliziyo, umoya kunye nesandi)
• Intliziyo iyavakala
• Ingqondo yomntwana kunye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha njengoko umntwana esiya ekhula
• I-jaundice yeNonatal-utyelelo lokuqala kuphela
• Ngokucofa
• Isandi
• Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwamehlo
• Ukulinganisa ubushushu (jonga nobushushu obuqhelekileyo bomzimba)

Ulwazi ngogonyo:

• Ugonyo - isishwankathelo ngokubanzi
• Iintsana kunye nokudubula
• Ugonyo lwediphtheria (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lwe-DPT (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lweHepatitis A (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lwe-Hepatitis B (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lwe-Hib (isitofu sokugonya)
• Intsholongwane ye-papilloma virus (isitofu)
• Ukugonywa ngumkhuhlane (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ukugonywa kwe-Meningococcal (meningitis) (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lweMMR (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lwePertussis (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lwe-pneumococcal (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lwepoliyo (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lwe Rotavirus (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lweTetanus (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lwe-TdaP (isitofu sokugonya)
• Ugonyo lwe-Varicella (chickenpox) (ugonyo)

Iingcebiso ngezondlo:

• Ukutya okufanelekileyo ngokweminyaka yokutya okunezakha-mzimba
• Ukuncancisa
• Ukutya kunye nokukhula kwengqondo
• IFluoride kwisondlo
• Iifomula zeentsana
• Ukutyeba kakhulu ebantwaneni

Iishedyuli zokukhula nophuhliso:

• Ukukhula komntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa
• Uphuhliso lwabantwana abaselula
• Uphuhliso lwabantwana abasafundayo
• Ukukhula komntwana ofikisayo esikolweni
• Ukukhula komntu ofikisayo
• Amanqanaba ophuhliso
• Ingxelo yophuhliso - iinyanga ezimbini
• Ingxelo yophuhliso - iinyanga ezi-4
• Ingxelo yophuhliso - iinyanga ezi-6
• Ingxelo yophuhliso - iinyanga ezili-9
• Ingxelo yophuhliso - iinyanga ezili-12
• Ingxelo yophuhliso - iinyanga ezili-18
• Ingxelo yophuhliso lweminyaka emi-2
• Ingxelo yophuhliso lweminyaka emi-3
• Ingxelo yophuhliso lweminyaka emi-4
• Ingxelo yophuhliso lweminyaka emi-5

Ukulungiselela umntwana ukuba atyelele iofisi kuyafana kuvavanyo kunye nokulungiselela inkqubo.

Amanyathelo okulungiselela ahlukile, kuxhomekeke kubudala bomntwana:

• Uvavanyo lweentsana / ukulungiswa kwenkqubo
• Uvavanyo lomntwana / ulungiselela inkqubo
• Uvavanyo lokufunda / inkqubo yokulungiselela
• Uvavanyo lobudala besikolo / ukulungiswa kwenkqubo

• Kulungile ukutyelelwa kwabantwana

UHagan JF Jr, uNavaria D. Ukonyusa impilo yabantwana: ukuhlolwa, ukukhokelwa kulindelwe, kunye neengcebiso. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 12.

UKelly DP, uNatale MJ. Umsebenzi we-Neurodevelopmental kunye nowesigqeba sokusebenza kunye nokungasebenzi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 48.

UKimmel SR, uRatliff-Schaub K. Ukukhula kunye nophuhliso. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Incwadi yesikhokelo samayeza osapho. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 22.