Izitofu (zokugonya)

Izitofu zokugonya zisetyenziselwa ukonyusa amajoni akho omzimba kunye nokuthintela izifo ezinobuzaza, ezisongela ubomi.

INDLELA ESEBENZA NGAYO IZITOFU

Izitofu zokugonya "zifundisa" umzimba wakho indlela yokuzikhusela xa iintsholongwane, ezinjengeentsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya, zihlasela:

• Izitofu zokugonya zikuveza kwinqanaba elincinci kakhulu, elikhuselekileyo kakhulu leentsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya ethe yabuthathaka okanye yabulawa.
• Amajoni akho omzimba afunda ukuba aqonde kwaye ahlasele usulelo ukuba uthe wachanabeka kulo kamva ebomini.
• Ngenxa yoko, awuyi kugula, okanye unokuba nosulelo olunamandla. Le yindlela yendalo yokujongana nezifo ezosulelayo.

Zine iindidi zokugonya ezikhoyo ngoku:

• Amayeza okugonya aphilayo sebenzisa ubuthathaka (obuncitshisiweyo) bentsholongwane. Isitofu sokuthintela imasisi, uqwilikana, kunye nerubella (MMR) kunye nogonyo lwe varicella (chickenpox) yimizekelo.
• Amayeza okubulala (angasebenzi) zenziwe ngeprotein okanye ezinye iziqwenga ezincinci ezithathwe kwintsholongwane okanye kwintsholongwane. Ugonyo lokukhohlela (pertussis) ngumzekelo.
• Amayeza okugonya Toxoid ziqulathe ityhefu okanye imichiza eyenziwe yintsholongwane okanye intsholongwane. Zikwenza ukuba ukhuseleke kwiziphumo eziyingozi zosulelo, endaweni yosulelo ngokwalo. Imizekelo sisigonyo se-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus.
• Amayeza okugonya e-Biosynthetic ziqulathe izinto ezenziwe ngabantu ezifanayo neziqwenga zentsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya. Ugonyo lwe-Hepatitis B ngumzekelo.

KUTHENI SIYAFUNA IZITOFU

Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa, iintsana zinokhuselo oluthile kwiintsholongwane ezibanga izifo. Olu khuselo ludluliselwa kunina ngeplasenta ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Emva kwexesha elifutshane, olu khuselo lwendalo luyahamba.

Izitofu zokugonya zinceda ukukhusela kwizifo ezininzi ezazifudula zixhaphake kakhulu. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-tetanus, diphtheria, uqwilikana, imasisi, i-pertussis (isikhohlela), i-meningitis kunye nepoliyo. Uninzi lwezi zifo lunokubangela izifo ezinobungozi okanye ezisongela ubomi kwaye zingakhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo. Ngenxa yezitofu zokugonya, uninzi lwezi zifo ngoku lunqabile.

UKHUSELEKO LWEZITHUBA

Abanye abantu banexhala lokuba izitofu zokugonya azikhuselekanga kwaye zinokuba yingozi, ngakumbi ebantwaneni. Basenokucela umboneleli wabo wezempilo ukuba alinde okanye bakhethe ukungabinaso isitofu sokugonya. Kodwa izibonelelo zokugonya ziyodlula kude ingozi yazo.

IAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, amaZiko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC), kunye neZiko lezoNyango bonke bagqiba kwelokuba izibonelelo zokugonya zingaphezulu komngcipheko wabo.

Izitofu zokugonya, ezinjengemasisi, uqwilikana, irubella, irhashalala, kunye namachiza okutshiza umkhuhlane weempumlo aqukethe izinto eziphilayo, kodwa iintsholongwane ezibuthathaka:

• Ngaphandle kokuba amajoni omzimba womntu abe buthathaka, akunakulindeleka ukuba isitofu sokugonya sinike umntu usulelo. Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka akufuneki ukuba bafumane ezi zitofu ziphilayo.
• Ezi zitofu ziphilayo zingayingozi kwimveku engekazalwa yomfazi okhulelweyo. Ukuthintela ukwenzakaliswa kosana, abafazi abakhulelweyo akufuneki bafumane naziphi na kwezi zitofu zokugonya. Umboneleli unokukuxelela ixesha elifanelekileyo lokufumana ezi zitofu.

I-Thimerosal sisigcinakaliso esafunyanwa kwizitofu zokugonya ezininzi ngaphambili. Kodwa ngoku:

• Kukho izitofu zokugonya iintsana kunye nomkhuhlane ezingenalo thimerosal.
• AKUKHO ezinye izitofu zokugonya ezisetyenziselwa abantwana okanye abantu abadala ezine-thimerosal.
• Uphando olwenziwe kwiminyaka emininzi ALUKHO lubonise naluphi na unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-thimerosal kunye ne-autism okanye ezinye iingxaki zonyango.

Ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo kunqabile kwaye kuhlala kuyinxalenye ethile (yecandelo) lesitofu sokugonya.

ISHEDYULI YOMGANGATHO

Ishedyuli yokugonya (ugonyo) ecetyiswayo ihlaziywa qho kwiinyanga ezili-12 ngamaZiko aseMelika oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kuThintelo lweZifo (CDC). Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nogonyo oluthile lwakho okanye lomntwana wakho. Iingcebiso zangoku ziyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeCDC: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/shedyuli.

ABAHAMBI

Iwebsite yeCDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel) inolwazi oluphangaleleyo malunga nogonyo kunye nezinye iindlela zokukhusela abahambi kwamanye amazwe. Ugonyo oluninzi kufuneka lufunyenwe ubuncinci kwinyanga enye ngaphambi kohambo.

Yiza nerekhodi lakho logonyo xa usiya kwamanye amazwe. Amanye amazwe afuna le rekhodi.

IZITOFU EZIQHELEKILEYO

• Ukugonya kwenkukhu
• Ugonyo lwe-DTaP (isitofu sokugonya)
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Hepatitis A
• Ugonyo lwe-Hepatitis B
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Hib
• Isitofu sokugonya se-HPV
• Ugonyo lomkhuhlane
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Meningococcal
• Ugonyo lweMMR
• Ugonyo lwepneumococcal conjugate
• Ugonyo lwepneumococcal polysaccharide
• Ugonyo lwepoliyo (isitofu sokugonya)
• Isitofu sokugonya seRotavirus
• Ugonyo lweShingles
• Ugonyo lweTdap
• Ugonyo lweTetanus

Ukugonywa; Ugonyo; Ugonyo; Iitofu zokugonya; Uthintelo - isitofu sokugonya

• Ugonyo
• Ugonyo
• Isitofu

UBernstein HH, uKilinsky A, u-Orenstein WA. Izenzo zogonyo. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 197.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Iimpawu zeTimerosal. www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Concerns/thimerosal/thimerosal_faqs.html. Ukuhlaziywa kuka-Agasti 19, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 6, 2020.

UFreedman MS, uHunter P, uAult K, uKroger A.Ikomiti ecebisayo malunga neendlela zokugonya icebisa ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-19 okanye ngaphezulu-eUnited States, 2020. MMWR Mntundini wokufa Wkly Rep. Ngo-2020; 69 (5): 133-135. IINKCUKACHA: I-32027627 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027627/.

I-Kroger AT, i-Pickering LK, i-Mawle A, i-Hinman AR kunye ne-Orenstein WA. Ugonyo. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 316.

URobinson CL, uBernstein H, uPoehling K, uRomero JR, uSzilagyi P.Ikomiti ecebisayo yezenzo zogonyo yancoma ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo abaneminyaka eyi-18 okanye engaphantsi- eUnited States, 2020. MMWR Mntundini wokufa Wkly Rep. Ngo-2020; 69 (5): 130-132. IINKCUKACHA: 32027628 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027628/.

IStrikas RA, iOrenstein WA. Ugonyo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 15.