Iretina

Iretina ngumaleko othambileyo wokukhanya kwithishu ngasemva kwamehlo. Imifanekiso eza ngelensi yamehlo ijolise kwi-retina. I-retina iyayiguqula le mifanekiso ibe yimiqondiso yombane ize iyithumele kunye ne-optic nerve kwingqondo.

Iretina ihlala ikhangeleka ibomvu okanye iorenji kuba mininzi imithambo yegazi ngasemva kwayo. I-ophthalmoscope ivumela umboneleli wezempilo ukuba abone umfundi wakho kunye nelensi kwi-retina. Ngamanye amaxesha iifoto okanye izikena ezikhethekileyo ze-retina zingabonisa izinto umboneleli angaziboniyo ngokujonga nje kwi-retina ngokusebenzisa i-ophthalmoscope. Ukuba ezinye iingxaki zamehlo zivimba umbono womboneleli we-retina, i-ultrasound inokusetyenziswa.

Nabani na ohlangabezana nale ngxaki yombono kufuneka afumane uviwo lwe-retinal:

• Utshintsho ekubukweni kombono
• Ukuphulukana nombono wombala
• Ukukhanya kokukhanya okanye kweeflethi
• Umbono ophosakeleyo (imigca ethe tye ijonge i-wavy)

• Iliso

Schubert HD. Ulwakhiwo lwe-retina ye-neural. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 6.1.

Reh TA. Ukuphuhliswa kweretina. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, ii-eds. URetina kaRyan. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 15.

U-Yanoff M, uCameron JD. Izifo zenkqubo yokubonakalayo. IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahluko 423.