Ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso

Ukukhula komntwana kunye nophuhliso lungohlulwa lube ngamaxesha amane:

• Ubuntwana
• Iminyaka yokufunda
• Iminyaka yobuntwana ephakathi
• Ukufikisa

Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, usana ngesiqhelo luphulukana neepesenti ezintlanu ukuya kwi-10% yobunzima bokuzalwa. Malunga neeveki ezi-2 ubudala, usana kufuneka luqale ukutyeba kwaye lukhule ngokukhawuleza.

Ngeenyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ubudala, ubunzima bomntwana kufuneka bube kabini ubunzima bokuzalwa. Ngexesha lesiqingatha sesibini sonyaka wokuqala wobomi, ukukhula akukhawulezi kangako. Phakathi kweminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-2, umntwana omncinci uza kufumana kuphela iipawundi ezi-5 (i-2.2 kilograms). Ukufumana ubunzima kuya kuhlala kumalunga neepawundi ezi-5 (i-2.2 yeekhilogram) ngonyaka phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5.

Phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kweli-10 iminyaka, umntwana uya kukhula ngesantya esizinzileyo. Ukukhula kokugqibela kuqala ekuqaleni kokufikisa, ngamanye amaxesha phakathi kweminyaka eli-9 ukuya kweli-15.

Izondlo zomntwana ziyahambelana nolu tshintsho kumanqanaba okukhula. Usana ludinga iikhalori ezininzi ngokunxulumene nobungakanani kunesikolo somntwana ongaphambi kokufunda okanye isikolo esidinga umntwana. Izidingo zesondlo zikhula kwakhona njengoko umntwana esondela kwinqanaba lokufikisa.

Umntwana osempilweni uya kulandela ikhava yokukhula komntu ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, ukutya okunesondlo kunokwahluka kumntwana ngamnye. Nika ukutya ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutya ezilungele ubudala bomntwana.

Ukutya ngendlela esempilweni kufuneka kuqale ebusaneni. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela izifo ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokutyeba kakhulu.

UPHUHLISO LWENGQONDO NOKUDLA

Ukungondleki kakuhle kunokubangela iingxaki ekukhuleni kwengqondo yomntwana. Umntwana ongatyi ngendlela eyiyo usenokudinwa angakwazi nokufunda esikolweni. Kananjalo ukungondleki kakuhle kunokwenza ukuba umntwana agule kwaye aphose isikolo. Isidlo sakusasa kubaluleke kakhulu. Abantwana banokuziva bediniwe kwaye bengakhuthazeki xa bengatyi isidlo sakusasa esimnandi.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesidlo sakusasa kunye nokuphuculwa kokufunda kubonisiwe ngokucacileyo. Kukho iinkqubo zikarhulumente ezikhoyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana ngamnye unesidlo esinye esifanelekileyo, esifanelekileyo ngosuku. Esi sidlo sihlala sisidlo sakusasa. Iinkqubo ziyafumaneka kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo nezingagcinwanga kakuhle eUnited States.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokukhula komntwana wakho kunye nophuhliso.

Izihloko ezihambelanayo zibandakanya:

• Ingxelo yophuhliso - iinyanga ezi-4
• Ingxelo yophuhliso - iinyanga ezili-9
• Ingxelo yophuhliso - iinyanga ezili-12
• Ingxelo yophuhliso - iinyanga ezili-18
• Ingxelo yophuhliso lweminyaka emi-2
• Ingxelo yophuhliso lweminyaka emi-3
• Ingxelo yophuhliso lweminyaka emi-4
• Ingxelo yophuhliso lweminyaka emi-5
• Uphuhliso lwabantwana abasafundayo
• Ukukhula kwabantwana abakwiminyaka yokuhamba isikolo
• Ukufikisa kunye nokufikisa

Ukutya-ukukhula kwengqondo

I-Onigbanjo MT, uFiigelman S. Unyaka wokuqala. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 22.

Iipaki ze-EP, uShaikhkhalil A, uSainath NN, uMitchell JA, uBrownell JN, uStallings VA. Ukondla iintsana ezisempilweni, abantwana kunye nolutsha. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 56.