Ityhefu asidi acid

I-nitric acid lulwelo oluyityhefu olucacileyo-tyheli. Yimichiza eyaziwa ngokuba yi-caustic. Ukuba inxibelelana nezicubu, inokubangela ukonzakala.

Eli nqaku lixoxa ngetyhefu ekugingeni okanye ekuphefumleni kwi-nitric acid.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu uqobo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

Nitric acid

• Izichumisi
• Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca isinyithi (njengemipu yemipu)

Qaphela: Olu luhlu alunakubandakanya konke.

Iimpawu zokuginya i-nitric acid inokubandakanya:

• Intlungu yesisu - eqatha
• Ukutsha kulusu okanye emlonyeni
• Ukutsala amathe
• Ifiva
• Intlungu yomlomo - eqatha
• Ukuhla ngokukhawuleza koxinzelelo lwegazi (ukothuka)
• Ukudumba komqala, okukhokelela kubunzima bokuphefumla
• Intlungu yomqala - eqatha
• Ukuphalaza igazi

Iimpawu zokuphefumla (ukusezela) i-nitric acid inokubandakanya:

• Imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neenzipho
• Ukuqina kwesifuba
• Ukukrwitsha
• Ukukhohlela
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ubuthathaka

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. MUSA ukumenza umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba axelelwe ukuba enze njalo nguLawulo lweTyhefu okanye ingcali yezempilo.

Ukuba imichiza iye yaginywa, khawuleza unike umntu amanzi okanye ubisi, ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngenye indlela ngumboneleli wezempilo. Nika ii-ounces ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 (i-120 ukuya kwi-180 milliliters) yobisi lwe-magnesia, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

SUKUNIKE amanzi okanye ubisi ukuba umntu uneempawu (ezinjengokugabha, ukuxhuzula, okanye izinga lokuphaphela) elenza kubenzima ukuginya.

Ukuba umntu uphefumle ityhefu, mshukumisele kwangoko ukuya kumoya omtsha.

Olu lwazi lulandelayo luluncedo kubaphenduli abangxamisekileyo:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Igama lemveliso (kunye nezithako kunye namandla, ukuba kuyaziwa)
• Ixesha lokugwinya okanye lokurhoxa
• Isixa esiginyiweyo okanye sokurhoxa

Nangona kunjalo, SUKULIBAZA ukucela uncedo ukuba olu lwazi alufumaneki ngokukhawuleza.

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Le nombolo yesizwe iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Umboneleli uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni imiqondiso ebalulekileyo, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Umntu angafumana:

• Inkxaso yomoya, kubandakanya ioksijini, ityhubhu yokuphefumla ngomlomo (intubation), kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Ikhamera ezantsi emqaleni (endoscopy) ukubona ukutshiswa kumbhobho wokutya (umqala) kunye nesisu
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT okanye enye i-scanning imaging
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (efakwa ngaphakathi okanye IV)
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu
• Ityhubhu ngeempumlo iye esiswini ukuya ekufunxeni (aspirate) nayiphi na iasidi eseleyo ukuba umntu ubonwa kwakamsinya emva kokuvezwa kwaye isixa esikhulu siginyiwe

Ukuvezwa kolusu, unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ukususwa kotyando kwesikhumba esitshisiweyo (ukususwa)
• Ukutshintshela kwisibhedlele esigxile kukhathalelo lokutsha
• Ukuhlamba ulusu (ukunkcenkceshela), kunokwenzeka rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwiintsuku ezininzi

Kungafuneka ungeniswe esibhedlele ukuze uqhubeke nonyango. Utyando lunokufuneka ukuba isophagus, isisu, okanye amathumbu avelise imingxunya (ukubola) ukusuka ekuvezeni i-asidi.

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kubungakanani betyhefu eginyiwe, ukuba injani na ityhefu, kwaye unyango lwamkelwe ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ngokukhawuleza umntu efumana uncedo lwezonyango, ngcono ithuba lokufumana kwakhona. Ukugqobhoza kunokukhokelela kusulelo olubi kakhulu kunye nokothuka, okunokubulala. Ukulimala ngokusisigxina kunye nokukhubazeka kunokwenzeka.

IHoyte C. Caustics. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 148.

I-Pfau PR, iHancock SM. Amalungu angaphandle, ii-bezoars, kunye nokungenisa okubangela. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: IPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 27.

Ilayibrari yeSizwe yase-US yamayeza, iiNkonzo zeNgcaciso eziKhethekileyo, iwebhusayithi yeToxicology Data Network. I-asidi yeNitric. YiyaTynet.nlm.nih.gov. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 14, 2012. Kufumaneka ngoJanuwari 14, 2019.