Ukudlula kwiHeroin

IHeroin sisiyobisi esingekho mthethweni esisikhobokisayo. Kwiklasi yamachiza abizwa ngokuba ziiopioids.

Eli nqaku lixoxa ngokudlula kwi-heroin. Ukugqithisa kwenzeka xa umntu ethatha into eninzi kakhulu, ihlala sisiyobisi. Oku kunokwenzeka ngengozi okanye ngenjongo. Ukugqithisa kwe-heroin kunokubangela iimpawu eziyingozi, ezinobungozi, okanye nokufa.

Malunga ne-heroin overdose:

I-heroin overdoses inyuke kakhulu e-United States kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Ngo-2015, abantu abangaphezu kwama-13,000 babulawa yi-heroin overdoses e-United States. IHeroin ithengiswa ngokungekho mthethweni, ke ngoko akukho lawulo kumgangatho wamandla neziyobisi. Ngamanye amaxesha ixutywe nezinye izinto eziyityhefu.

Uninzi lwabantu abagqithisileyo sele belikhoboka, kodwa abanye abantu batywala ixesha lokuqala abazama ngalo. Abantu abaninzi abasebenzisa i-heroin basebenzisa kakubi amayeza eentlungu kunye nezinye iziyobisi. Basenokusebenzisa kakubi utywala. Ukudityaniswa kwezinto kunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kweHeroin eUnited States kukhula ukusukela ngo-2007.

Kukho kwakhona utshintsho kubume bokusetyenziswa kwe-heroin. Ngoku kukholelwa ukuba iziyobisi ze-opioid painkillers yindlela esetyenziswa kwi-heroin kubantu abaninzi. Kungenxa yokuba ixabiso lesitalato i-heroin lihlala libiza ngaphantsi kunaleyo ye-opioids.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukugqithisa ngokwenyani. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

IHeroin inetyhefu. Ngamanye amaxesha, izinto i-heroin exutywe nazo zinetyhefu.

IHeroin yenziwe nge morphine. I-Morphine sisiyobisi esomeleleyo esifumaneka kwiimbewu zezityalo ze-opium poppy. Ezi zityalo zityalwa kwihlabathi liphela. Amayeza eentlungu asemthethweni aqukethe i-morphine abizwa ngokuba zii-opioids. I-Opioid ligama elivela kwi iziyobisi, Yayiligama lesiGrike elithetha incindi yesityalo sepoppy. Akukho lusetyenziso lwezonyango olusemthethweni lweheroin.

Amagama ezitalato e-heroin aquka "i-junk", "smack", i-dope, iswekile emdaka, ihashe elimhlophe, i-China emhlophe, kunye ne "skag".

Abantu basebenzisa i-heroin ukuya phezulu. Kodwa ukuba bayigqitha, bayalala kakhulu okanye bangabikho zingqondweni bayeke nokuphefumla.

Apha ngezantsi kukho iimpawu ze-heroin overdose kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

IINDLELA NEEMPANGO

• Akukho kuphefumla
• Ukuphefumla kancinci
• Ukuphefumla kancinci kwaye kunzima

AMEHLO, IINDlebe, iimpumlo nomqala

• Umlomo owomileyo
• Abafundi abancinci kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha babancinci njengentloko yesikhonkwane (khomba abafundi)
• Ulwimi olunombala

INTLIZIYO NEGAZI

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Ukubetha okubuthathaka

ULusu

• Iinzipho kunye nemilebe enemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

ISISU NE-INTESTINES

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuqaqanjelwa sisisu namathumbu

INKQUBO YENKONZO

• Coma (ukunqongophala kokuphendula)
• Delirium (ukudideka)
• Ukudideka
• Ukozela
• Ukuhamba okungalawulwayo kwemisipha

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. SUKUYENZE loo mntu ayilahle ngaphandle kokuba ulawula ityhefu okanye umniki-nkonzo akuxelela ukuba wenze njalo.

Ngo-2014, iU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yavuma ukuba kusetyenziswe iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-naloxone (igama le-brand Narcan) ukubuyisela umva iziphumo ze-heroin overdose. Olu hlobo lonyango lubizwa ngokuba sisiyobisi. INaloxone itofwe phantsi kolusu okanye kwimisipha, kusetyenziswa inaliti ezenzekelayo. Ingasetyenziswa ngabaphenduli bezonyango abangxamisekileyo, amapolisa, amalungu osapho, abanonopheli kunye nabanye. Ingasindisa ubomi kude kufumaneke unyango.

Ngaba olu lwazi lukulungele:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Bathathe i-heroin engakanani, ukuba iyaziwa
• Xa bayithatha

Iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kuzwelonke, umnxeba ongahlawulelwayo woncedo (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States. Inombolo yomnxeba kazwelonke iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Umboneleli uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Iimpawu ziya kunyangwa. Umntu angafumana:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Inkxaso yokuphefumla, kubandakanya ityhubhu yeoksijini ngomlomo ungene emqaleni, kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuskena i-CT (imaging ephambili) yobuchopho ukuba kukrokreleka ukonzakala kwentloko
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Amanzi afakwa ngaphakathi (IV, ngokusebenzisa umthambo)
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu, ezinje nge-naloxone (jonga kwicandelo "loKhathalelo lwaseKhaya" apha ngasentla), ukulwa iziphumo zeheroin
• Amanani amaninzi okanye ulawulo oluqhubekayo lwe-IV lwe-naxolone. Oku kunokufuneka ngenxa yokuba iimpembelelo ze-naxolone zihlala ixesha elifutshane kwaye iziphumo zoxinzelelo ze-heroin zihlala ixesha elide.

Ukuba i-antidote inokunikwa, ukuchacha kwi-overdose ebukhali kwenzeka ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48. IHeroin ihlala ixutywe nezinto ezibizwa ngokuba ngabakrexezi. Oku kunokubangela ezinye iimpawu kunye nomonakalo kumzimba. Ukuhlala esibhedlele kunokuba yimfuneko.

Ukuba ukuphefumla komntu kuye kwachaphazeleka ixesha elide, banokuphefumla ulwelo emiphungeni yabo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwinyumoniya kunye nezinye iingxaki zemiphunga.

Abantu abangazi nto kangangexesha elide kwaye balale kwiindawo ezinzima banokukhulisa ukwenzakala kolusu kunye nezicubu ezingaphantsi. Oku kunokukhokelela kwizilonda zesikhumba, usulelo, kunye nokuqhekeka okunzulu.

Ukutofa naliphi na ichiza ngenaliti kunokubangela usulelo olubi. Oku kubandakanya amathumba engqondo, imiphunga, kunye nezintso, kunye nosulelo lwevalvu yentliziyo.

Ngenxa yokuba i-heroin ijojowe kwi-vein, umsebenzisi we-heroin unokuhlakulela iingxaki ezinxulumene nokwabelana ngeenaliti nabanye abasebenzisi. Ukwabelana ngeenaliti kunokukhokelela kwi-hepatitis, usulelo lwe-HIV kunye ne-AIDS.

Libanda, Acetomorphine; Diacetylmorphine libanda; Ukugqithisa ngokweqile; Ukugqithisa kweOpioid

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Uthintelo lokonzakala kunye nolawulo: i-opioid overdose. www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/opioids/heroin.html. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 19, 2018. Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 9, 2019.

U-Levine DP, uBrown P. Usulelo kubasebenzisi beziyobisi ngenaliti. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 312.

IZiko leLizwe lewebhusayithi yokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi. IHeroin. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/heroin. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 9, 2019.

IZiko leLizwe lewebhusayithi yokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi. Amanqanaba okufa libanda www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rate. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 9, 2019.

UNikolaides JK, uThompson TM. Iipioids. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 156.