Mastectomy

I-mastectomy yotyando lokususa izicwili zamabele. Olunye ulusu kunye nengono nayo inokususwa. Nangona kunjalo, utyando olugcina ingono kunye nolusu ngoku lunokwenziwa rhoqo. Olu tyando luhlala lusenziwa ukunyanga umhlaza wamabele.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqhaqho luqale, uya kunikwa i-anesthesia ngokubanzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba uya kulala kwaye ungenazintlungu ngexesha lotyando.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemastectomies. Yiyiphi enye eyenziwa ngugqirha wakho ogqirha kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwengxaki yebele onayo. Uninzi lwexesha, i-mastectomy yenziwa ukunyanga umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa ukuthintela umhlaza (i-prophylactic mastectomy).

Ugqirha uya kusika ebeleni lakho kwaye enze enye yale mi sebenzi:

• Ingono yokuthintela ingono: Ugqirha ususa lonke ibele, kodwa ashiye ingono kunye ne-areola (isangqa esinemibala ejikeleze ingono) endaweni. Ukuba unomhlaza, ugqirha wotyando unokwenza i-biopsy ye-lymph node kwindawo engaphantsi kwekhwaphu ukuze abone ukuba umhlaza usasazekile.
• Ulusu lokuthintela ulusu: Ugqirha ususa ibele ngengono kunye ne-areola ngokususa isikhumba kancinci. Ukuba unomhlaza, ugqirha wotyando unokwenza i-biopsy ye-lymph node kwindawo engaphantsi kwekhwaphu ukuze abone ukuba umhlaza usasazekile.
• Iyonke okanye i-mastectomy iyonke okanye elula: Ugqirha ususa lonke ibele kunye nengono kunye ne-areola. Ukuba unomhlaza, ugqirha wotyando unokwenza i-biopsy ye-lymph node kwindawo engaphantsi kwekhwaphu ukuze abone ukuba umhlaza usasazekile.
• Uhlengahlengiso olukhulu lwe-mastectomy: Ugqirha ususa lonke ibele ngengono kunye ne-areolar kunye nezinye ze-lymph node phantsi kwengalo.
• I-Radical mastectomy: Ugqirha ususa isikhumba ngaphezulu kwebele, zonke ii-lymph node phantsi kwengalo, kunye nezihlunu zesifuba. Olu tyando alufane lwenziwe.
• Ulusu emva koko luvaliwe ngemisonto (yomthungo).

Inye okanye zimbini iiplastikhi ezincinci zokuhambisa amanzi okanye iityhubhu zihlala zishiywa esifubeni sakho ukususa ulwelo olongezelelekileyo apho izicubu zebele zazikhona.

Ugqirha weplastiki unokukwazi ukuqalisa ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele ngexesha lotyando olufanayo. Unokukhetha kwakhona ukuba uphinde uvuselele amabele. Ukuba uyakha kwakhona, ulusu- okanye ingono yokuthintela i-mastectomy inokuba yinto onokukhetha kuyo.

I-Mastectomy iya kuthatha iiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3.

UMFAZI WAZALWA NGOMHLAZA WESIBELE

Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo se-mastectomy ngumhlaza wamabele.

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza webele, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokukhetha kwakho:

• I-Lumpectomy kuxa kuphela umhlaza wamabele kunye nezicubu ezijikeleze umhlaza zisuswe. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba lunyango lolondolozo lwebele okanye inxenye ye-mastectomy. Uninzi lwebele lakho liza kusala.
• I-Mastectomy kuxa zonke izicubu zebele zisuswe.

Wena nomboneleli wakho kuya kufuneka nithathele ingqalelo:

• Ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba lakho
• Ukubandakanyeka kolusu kwethumba
• Mangaphi amathumba akhoyo ebeleni
• Ingakanani ibele echaphazelekayo
• Ubungakanani besifuba sakho
• Iminyaka yakho
• Imbali yezonyango enokuthi ikukhuphe kulondolozo lwebele (oku kunokubandakanya i-radiation yamabele kwangaphambili kunye neemeko ezithile zonyango)
• Imbali yosapho
• Impilo yakho ngokubanzi nokuba ufikelele kwinqanaba lokuyeka ukuya exesheni

Ukukhetha eyona ilungele wena kunokuba nzima. Wena kunye nababoneleli abanyanga umhlaza wamabele niya kugqiba kunye ngento elungileyo.

AMABHINQA ASENGOZINI EPHAKAMILEYO YOMHLAZA WOMAMA

Abasetyhini abanomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomhlaza webele banokukhetha ukuba ne-mastectomy yokuthintela (okanye yokuthintela) ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza webele.

Unokuba sesichengeni sokuba nomhlaza wamabele ukuba isalamane esinye okanye ezininzi ezisondeleyo zosapho sinesi sifo, ngakumbi besebancinci. Uvavanyo lwe-Genetic (olufana ne-BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2) lunokunceda ukubonisa ukuba unobungozi obukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, novavanyo oluqhelekileyo lofuzo, usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wamabele, kuxhomekeke kwezinye izinto. Kunokuba luncedo ukudibana nomcebisi ngemfuza ukuvavanya inqanaba lomngcipheko wakho.

Iprophylactic mastectomy kufuneka yenziwe kuphela emva kokucinga ngononophelo kunye nengxoxo nogqirha wakho, umcebisi wemfuzo, usapho lwakho kunye nabantu obathandayo.

I-Mastectomy inciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele, kodwa ayiyiphelisi.

Ukukhwabanisa, ukutshiza, ukuvulwa kwesilonda, i-seroma, okanye ukulahleka kwesikhumba emaphethelweni okusika kotyando okanye ngaphakathi kwesikhumba kungenzeka.

Iingozi:

• Intlungu yamagxa kunye nokuqina. Unokuziva izikhonkwane kunye neenaliti apho ibele lalifudula likhona naphantsi kwengalo.
• Ukudumba kwengalo kunye okanye ibele (elibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphedema) kwicala elinye nelosuswe ibele. Oku kudumba akuqhelekanga, kodwa kunokuba yingxaki eqhubekayo.
• Ukonakala kwimithambo-luvo eya kwimisipha yengalo, ngasemva, nakudonga lwesifuba.

Unokuba novavanyo lwegazi kunye nokucinga (njengokuvavanywa kwe-CT, ukuskena kwethambo, kunye nesifuba x-ray) emva kokuba umboneleli wakho efumana umhlaza webele. Oku kwenzelwa ukumisela ukuba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphandle kwebele kunye ne-lymph node phantsi kwengalo.

Soloko uxelela umboneleli wakho ukuba:

• Unokukhulelwa
• Uthatha nawaphi na amayeza okanye amayeza okanye izongezo ozithengileyo ngaphandle kommiselo
• Uyatshaya

Ngexesha leveki ngaphambi kotyando:

• Kwiintsuku ezininzi ngaphambi kotyando lwakho, unokucelwa ukuba uyeke ukuthatha i-aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), vitamin E, clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezenza nzima ukuba igazi lakho lihlambe.
• Buza ukuba zeziphi iziyobisi ekufuneka uzithathile ngosuku lotyando.

Ngomhla wotyando:

• Landela imiyalelo evela kugqirha okanye unesi malunga nokutya okanye ukusela ngaphambi kotyando.
• Thatha la mayeza uxelelwe ukuba uwathabathe ngesiphuzo esincinci samanzi.

Uzakuxelelwa ukuba ufike nini esibhedlele. Qiniseka ukuba ufika ngexesha.

Uninzi lwabasetyhini luhlala esibhedlele kangangeeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kweziyi-48 emva kokubeleka. Ukuhlala kwakho ixesha elide kuya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lotyando onalo. Abasetyhini abaninzi bagoduka nemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi isesifubeni emva kwembumba. Ugqirha uya kuzisusa kamva xa undwendwela iofisi. Umongikazi uya kukufundisa ngendlela yokujonga umjelo wamanzi, okanye unganakho ukuncediswa ngumongikazi okhathalela amakhaya.

Unokuba nentlungu ejikeleze indawo osikiweyo emva kotyando. Intlungu imodareyitha emva kosuku lokuqala emva koko ihambe ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbalwa. Uya kufumana amayeza entlungu ngaphambi kokuba ukhululwe esibhedlele.

Ulwelo lunokuqokelela kwindawo ye-mastectomy yakho emva kokuba kususwe yonke imisele. Oku kubizwa ngokuba siseroma. Ihlala ihamba yodwa, kodwa inokufuna ukucinywa kusetyenziswa inaliti (isifiso).

Uninzi lwabasetyhini luchacha kakuhle emva kokubeleka.

Ukongeza kotyando, unokufuna olunye unyango lomhlaza wamabele. Olu nyango lunokubandakanya unyango lwe-hormonal, unyango lwe-radiation, kunye ne-chemotherapy. Zonke zinemiphumela emibi, ke kuya kufuneka uthethe nomboneleli wakho malunga nokhetho.

Utyando lokususa amabele; Imastectomy engaphantsi; Ingono yokuthintela imastectomy; Iyonke imastectomy; Ulusu olukhusela imastectomy; I-mastectomy elula; Ulungelelwaniso olukhulu lwe-mastectomy; Umhlaza webele - imastectomy

• Emva kwe-chemotherapy - ukukhutshwa
• Isifuba sangaphandle somsila we-radiation - ukukhutshwa
• Imitha yesifuba - ukukhutshwa
• Utyando lwebele lokuthambisa-ukukhupha
• Ukusela amanzi ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza
• Umlomo owomileyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza
• Ukutya iikhalori ezongezelelweyo xa ugula - abantu abadala
• I-lymphedema - ukuzinyamekela
• I-Mastectomy kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Mastectomy - ukubhobhoza
• I-Oral mucositis - ukuzikhathalela
• Ukutya okukhuselekileyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza
• Unonophelo lwenxeba lotyando - luvulekile

• Ibele labasetyhini
• Mastectomy - uthotho
• Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele - uthotho

UDavidson NE. Umhlaza webele kunye nokuphazamiseka kwebele. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 188.

UHenry NL, u-Shah PD, uHaider I, uFreer PE, uJagsi R, uSabel MS. Umhlaza webele. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 88.

Hunt KK, Mittendorf EA. Izifo zesifuba. Ku: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Incwadi yeSabiston yoNyango. Umhla we-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 34.

IMacmillan RD. Mastectomy. Ku: Dixon JM, Barber MD, ii-eds. Utyando lwebele: Iqabane ekuziqheliseni noPhando lweeNgcali. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2019: 122-133.

Iwebhusayithi yeNethiwekhi yeCancer epheleleyo yoMhlaza. Izikhokelo ze-NCCN zonyango kwi-oncology: umhlaza webele. Inguqulelo 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/breast.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 5, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoFebruwari 25, 2020.