Udiphtheria

I-Diphtheria sisifo esibi esibangelwa yintsholongwane I-Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Iibhaktheriya ezibangela i-diphtheria isasazeka ngamaconsi okuphefumla (njengokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla) womntu osulelekileyo okanye umntu ophethe ibhaktheriya kodwa engenazo iimpawu.

Iibhaktheriya zixhaphaza impumlo nomqala wakho. Usulelo lomqala lubangela ingubo emnyama engwevu, eqinileyo, efana nefayibha, enokuthintela umoya wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-diphtheria ichaphazela isikhumba sakho kuqala kwaye ibangele izilonda kulusu.

Nje ukuba wosulelwe, iintsholongwane zenza izinto ezinobungozi ezibizwa ngokuba ziityhefu. Iityhefu zisasazeka ngokuhamba kwegazi lakho kwamanye amalungu, njengentliziyo nengqondo, kwaye zibangela umonakalo.

Ngenxa yokugonywa okubanzi (ukugonywa) kwabantwana, i-diphtheria ngoku inqabile kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.

Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-diphtheria zibandakanya indawo ezixineneyo, ucoceko olubi kunye nokusilela kogonyo.

Iimpawu zihlala zivela kwiintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-7 emva kokuba ibhaktheriya ingene emzimbeni wakho:

• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Umqala obuhlungu, ukudumba
• Ukuginya okubuhlungu
• Ukukhwehlela okufana nokukhonkotha
• Ukuntywila ngamanzi (icebisa ukuba ukuvalwa kwendlela yomoya sele kumbovu ukwenzeka)
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Igazi, amanzi aphuma empumlweni
• Iingxaki zokuphefumla, kubandakanya ukuphefumla nzima, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, isandi sokuphefumla esiphakamileyo (stridor)
• Izilonda zolusu (zihlala zibonwa kwiindawo ezishushu)

Ngamanye amaxesha akukho zimpawu.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye ajonge ngaphakathi komlomo wakho. Oku kunokutyhila ingwevu kumbala omnyama (pseudomembrane) emqaleni, ukwanda kwamadlala e-lymph, kunye nokudumba kwentamo okanye iintambo zezwi.

Uvavanyo olusetyenzisiweyo lunokubandakanya:

• Ibala legram okanye inkcubeko yomqala ukuchonga ibhakteria ye-diphtheria
• Uvavanyo lwe-toxin (ukufumanisa ubukho betyhefu eyenziwe yintsholongwane)
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Ukuba umboneleli ucinga ukuba une-diphtheria, unyango luya kuqala kwangoko, nangaphambi kokuba iziphumo zovavanyo zibuye.

I-Diphtheria antitoxin inikwa njengesixhobo sokudubula esihlunwini okanye nge-IV (nge-intravenous line). Usulelo lunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, njengepenicillin kunye ne-erythromycin.

Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ngelixa ufumana i-antitoxin. Olunye unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ulwelo nge-IV
• Ioksijini
• Ukuphumla kwebhedi
• Ukubeka iliso kwintliziyo
• Ukufakwa kombhobho wokuphefumla
• Ukulungiswa kweebhloko ezihamba emoyeni

Abantu abangenazimpawu abaphethe i-diphtheria kufuneka baphathwe nge-antibiotics.

I-Diphtheria inokuba nobulali okanye ibenzima. Abanye abantu abanazo iimpawu. Kwabanye, esi sifo sinokuba mandundu ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuchacha kwesi sifo kuhamba kancinci.

Abantu banokufa, ngakumbi xa esi sifo sichaphazela intliziyo.

Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo kukudumba kwentliziyo yemisipha (myocarditis). Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ihlala ichaphazeleka kanobom kwaye inokubangela ukukhubazeka okwethutyana.

Ityhefu yokubola komqala nayo inokonakalisa izintso.

Kunokubakho ukuphendula okwaliwa kwi-antitoxin.

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba uthe wadibana nomntu onesifo sokubola komqala.

IDiphtheria sisifo esinqabileyo. Isisifo esichazayo, kwaye naziphi na iimeko zihlala zipapashwa kwiphephandaba okanye kumabonwakude. Oku kukunceda ukuba wazi ukuba i-diphtheria ikhona kwindawo yakho.

Ukugonywa rhoqo kwabantwana kunye nokunyusa abantu abadala kuthintela isifo.

Nabani na odibene nomntu owosulelekileyo kufanele afumane ugonyo okanye isikhuthazi sokudubula ukubola komqala, ukuba abakayifumani. Ukukhuselwa kwisitofu sokugonya kuhlala iminyaka eli-10 kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuba abantu abadala bafumane isitofu sokugonya rhoqo emva kweminyaka elishumi. I-booster ibizwa ngokuba yi-tetanus-diphtheria (Td). (Ifotwe ikwanayo neyeza lokugonya losulelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-tetanus.)

Ukuba unxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nomntu one-diphtheria, nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho kwangoko. Buza ukuba ngaba ufuna i-antibiotics ukuthintela ukufumana i-diphtheria.

Ukubola komqala wokuphefumla; I-diphtheria ye-Pharyngeal; Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo; I-polyneuropathy yediphtheric

• Iintsholongwane

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Udiphtheria. www.cdc.gov/diphtheria. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 17, 2018. Ifikeleleke ngoDisemba 30, 2019.

I-Saleeb PG. I-Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 204.

IStechenberg BW. Udiphtheria. Ku: UCherry JD, uHarrison GJ, uKaplan SL, uSteinbach WJ, uHotez PJ, ii-eds. Incwadi kaFeigin kunye neCherry yezifo ezosulelayo zabantwana. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 90.