IHemoglobin

IHemoglobin yiprotein ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezithwala ioksijini. Uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin lulinganisa ukuba ingakanani i-hemoglobin esegazini lakho.

Isampulu yegazi iyafuneka.

Akukho lungiselelo lukhethekileyo luyimfuneko.

Xa kufakwa inaliti ukutsala igazi, abanye abantu baziva iintlungu eziphakathi. Abanye baziva behlaba okanye behlaba kuphela. Emva koko, kunokubakho ukubetha okanye ukukrala kancinci. Oku kuya kuhamba kungekudala.

Uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo kwaye luhlala lusenziwa njengenxalenye yokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi (CBC). Izizathu okanye iimeko zoku-odola uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin zibandakanya:

• Iimpawu ezinje ngokudinwa, impilo enkenenkene, okanye ukwehla kobunzima obungaqondakaliyo
• Iimpawu zokopha
• Ngaphambi nasemva kotyando olukhulu
• Ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo okanye ezinye iingxaki zonyango ezingapheliyo
• Ukubeka iliso kwi-anemia kunye nonobangela wayo
• Ukubeka iliso ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza
• Ukubeka esweni amayeza anokubangela i-anemia okanye ukubala okuphantsi kwegazi

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zabantu abadala ziyahluka, kodwa ngokubanzi zezi:

• Indoda: 13.8 ukuya kwi-17.2 iigrem kwidesilitha nganye (g / dL) okanye kwi-138 ukuya kwi-172 yeegramu kwilitha nganye (g / L)
• Abasetyhini: 12.1 ukuya ku-15.1 g / dL okanye ngo-121 ukuya ku-151 g / L

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zabantwana ziyahluka, kodwa ngokubanzi zezi:

• Usana: I-14 ukuya kwi-24 g / dL okanye i-140 ukuya kwi-240 g / L.
• Iintsana: 9.5 ukuya kwi-13 g / dL okanye i-95 ukuya kwi-130 g / L

Uluhlu olungentla apha yimilinganiselo eqhelekileyo yeziphumo zolu vavanyo. Amaxabiso esiqhelo ahluka kancinci phakathi kweelebhu ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iilebhu zisebenzisa imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo okanye ukuvavanya iisampulu ezahlukeneyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nentsingiselo yeziphumo zakho zovavanyo.

PHANTSI KWEHEMOGLOBIN EQHELEKILEYO

Inqanaba le-hemoglobin ephantsi linokubangelwa:

• I-anemia ebangelwa ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisweleke ngaphambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (i-hemolytic anemia)
• I-anemia (iintlobo ezahlukeneyo)
• Ukopha kwindlela yokugaya ukutya okanye isinyi, amaxesha anzima okuya exesheni
• Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo
• Umongo wethambo awunakho ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kunokuba ngenxa ye-leukemia, eminye imihlaza, ityhefu yeziyobisi, unyango ngemitha, usulelo, okanye ukuphazamiseka komongo wethambo
• Ukutya okunesondlo (kubandakanya inqanaba eliphantsi lesinyithi, ifolate, ivithamini B12, okanye ivithamini B6)
• Inqanaba eliphantsi lesinyithi, ifolate, ivithamini B12, okanye ivithamini B6
• Esinye isifo esinganyangekiyo, esifana nesifo samathambo

PHAKAMILE KODWA NGOKUQHELEKILEYO

Inqanaba eliphezulu le-hemoglobin lidla ngokubangelwa ngamazinga aphantsi e-oksijini egazini (i-hypoxia), ekhoyo ixesha elide. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Ezinye iziphene zokuzalwa zentliziyo ezikhoyo ekuzalweni (isifo sentliziyo esibelekweni)
• Ukusilela kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo (cor pulmonale)
• Isifo esingapheliyo sokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga (COPD)
• Ukuqhaqha okanye ukuqina kwemiphunga (pulmonary fibrosis) kunye nezinye iingxaki zemiphunga

Ezinye izizathu zenqanaba eliphezulu le-hemoglobin zibandakanya:

• Isifo esinqabileyo somongo wethambo esikhokelela kukonyuka okungaqhelekanga kwinani leeseli zegazi (polycythemia vera)
• Umzimba onamanzi amancinci kakhulu kunye neencindi (ukungabikho emzimbeni)

Kukho umngcipheko omncinci ochaphazelekayo ekuthatheni igazi lakho: imithambo kunye nemithambo iyahluka ngobukhulu ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye kwaye ukusuka kwelinye icala lomzimba ukuya kwelinye. Ukufumana isampulu yegazi kwabanye abantu kunokuba nzima ngakumbi kunabanye.

Eminye imingcipheko enxulumene nokutsalwa kwegazi incinci, kodwa inokubandakanya:

• Ukopha kakhulu
• Ukufa isiqaqa okanye ukuziva ungenantloko
• Ukugqobhoza okuninzi ukufumana imithambo
• I-Hematoma (igazi elakhiweyo phantsi kolusu)
• Usulelo (umngcipheko omncinci nangaliphi na ixesha ulusu lwaphukile)

Hgb; Hb; Anemia - Hb; IPolycythemia-Hb

• IHemoglobin

IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ. IHemoglobin (HB, Hgb). Ku: IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ, ii-eds. Iimvavanyo zaselebhu kunye neenkqubo zokuqonda isifo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2013: 621-623.

UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM. Uvavanyo lweHematology. Ku: UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM, ii-eds. UNelson oBalulekileyo kwiPediatrics. Ngomhla we-8. Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 149.

Kuthetha i-RT. Indlela eya kwii-anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 149.