Ophthalmoscopy

I-Ophthalmoscopy luvavanyo lwangasemva kweliso (fundus), olubandakanya i-retina, i-optic disc, i-choroid, kunye nemithambo yegazi.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamehlo.

• I-ophthalmoscopy ngqo. Uya kuhlala kwigumbi elimnyama. Umboneleli wezempilo uqhuba olu vavanyo ngokukhanyisa isibane sokukhanya ngomfundi usebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-ophthalmoscope. I-ophthalmoscope ilingana nobukhulu betotshi. Inokukhanya kunye neelensi ezincinci ezahlukileyo ezivumela umboneleli ukuba ajonge ngasemva kwamehlo abo.
• I-ophthalmoscopy engathanga ngqo. Uya kulala okanye uhlale kwindawo ephantsi. Umboneleli ugcina iliso lakho livulekile ngelixa ukhanyisa ukukhanya okuqaqambe kakhulu kwiliso usebenzisa isixhobo esinxitywe entlokweni. (Esi sixhobo sijongeka njengokukhanya kwemigodi.) Umboneleli ujonga umva kweliso ngelensi ebanjwe kufutshane neliso lakho. Olunye uxinzelelo lunokusetyenziswa kwiso usebenzisa iprosesa encinci, engacacanga. Uya kucelwa ukuba ujonge kumacala ahlukeneyo. Olu vavanyo luhlala lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela i-retina ekhethiweyo.
• Isilayidi se-ophthalmoscopy. Uya kuhlala esihlalweni ngesixhobo esibekwe phambi kwakho. Uya kucelwa ukuba uphumle isilevu nebunzi ngenkxaso yokugcina intloko izinzile. Umboneleli uya kusebenzisa imicroscope yinxalenye yesibane esityibilikisiweyo kunye neelensi encinci ebekwe kufutshane neliso. Umboneleli unokubona ngokufanayo ngale ndlela njengakwi-ophthalmoscopy engathanga ngqo, kodwa ngokukhulisa okuphezulu.

Uvavanyo lwe-ophthalmoscopy luthatha imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10.

I-ophthalmoscopy engathanga ngqo kunye ne-ophthalmoscopy yesibane esityibilikisayo zihlala zisenziwa emva kokubekwa kwamehlo ukukhulisa (ukwandisa) abafundi. I-ophthalmoscopy ngqo kunye nesibane se-ophthalmoscopy sinokwenziwa kunye okanye ngaphandle komfundi.

Kuya kufuneka uxelele umboneleli wakho ukuba:

• Ngaba i-aleji kuwo nawaphi na amayeza
• Ngaba uthatha nawaphi na amayeza
• I-glaucoma okanye imbali yosapho ye-glaucoma

Ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo akuyi kuba mnandi, kodwa uvavanyo alunabuhlungu.

Unokubona ngokufutshane imifanekiso emva kokukhanya kukhanya emehlweni akho. Ukukhanya kuqaqambile nge-ophthalmoscopy engathanga ngqo, ke imvakalelo yokubona emva kwemifanekiso inokuba nkulu.

Uxinzelelo kwiliso ngexesha le-ophthalmoscopy engangqalanga linokungonwabi, kodwa akufuneki libe buhlungu.

Ukuba i-eyedrops iyasetyenziswa, banokuhlaba kancinci xa bebekwe emehlweni. Unokuba unomdla ongaqhelekanga emlonyeni wakho.

I-Ophthalmoscopy yenziwa njengenxalenye yovavanyo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo okanye olupheleleyo.

Isetyenziselwa ukukhangela kunye nokuvavanya iimpawu zokuqina kwe-retinal okanye izifo zamehlo ezifana ne-glaucoma.

I-Ophthalmoscopy inokwenziwa kwakhona ukuba unempawu okanye iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, okanye ezinye izifo ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi.

Iretina, imithambo yegazi, kunye ne-optic disc zibonakala ziqhelekile.

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokubonakala kwi-ophthalmoscopy ngayo nayiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukudumba kwentsholongwane kwiretina (i-CMV retinitis)
• Seswekile
• Iglaucoma
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Ukuphulukana nombono obukhali ngenxa yokonakala okunxulumene nobudala be-macular
• I-Melanoma yamehlo
• Iingxaki zemithambo-luvo
• Ukwahlulahlula inwebu ebuthathaka ekukhanyeni (i-retina) ngasemva kweliso kumaleko ayo axhasayo (iinyembezi zamehlo okanye isixhobo)

I-Ophthalmoscopy ithathwa njenge-90% ukuya kwi-95% echanekileyo. Iyakwazi ukubona amanqanaba okuqala kunye nefuthe lezifo ezininzi ezinzulu. Ngeemeko ezingenakufunyanwa yi-ophthalmoscopy, kukho ezinye iindlela kunye nezixhobo ezinokuba luncedo.

Ukuba ufumana amathontsi ukuze unciphise amehlo akho kwi-ophthalmoscopy, umbono wakho uya kufiphala.

• Nxiba izibuko zelanga ukukhusela amehlo akho elangeni, anokonakalisa amehlo akho.
• Yiba nomntu okuqhubela ekhaya.
• Amaconsi ahlala ephela kwiiyure ezininzi.

Uvavanyo ngokwalo alubandakanyi mngcipheko. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukubonwa kwamehlo kubangela:

• Ukuhlaselwa kweglaucoma emxinwa
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ukoma komlomo
• Ukuhluza
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Ukuba kukrokrelwa i-glaucoma emxinwa, ukoyisa amathontsi kuhlala kungasetyenziswanga.

Ingxowa mali; Uvavanyo lweFunduscopic

• Iliso
• Umbono osecaleni kweliso (icandelo elisikiweyo)

I-Atebara NH, iMiller D, iThall EH. Izixhobo zamehlo. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 2.5.

Ibhola i-JW, iDain JE, uFlynn JA, uSolomon BS, uStewart RW. Amehlo. Ku: Ibhola i-JW, iDain JE, uFlynn JA, uSolomon BS, uStewart RW, ii-eds. Isikhokelo sikaSeidel kuViwo loMzimba. Ngomhla we-8. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby; 2015: isahluko 11.

UFeder RS, u-Olsen TW, uPrum BE uJr, et al. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lokujonga iliso kubantu abadala luthanda izikhokelo zepatheni yokwenza. Ophthalmology. Ngo-2016; 123 (1): 209-236. IINKCUKACHA: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.