Utshintsho lokuguga kulusu

Utshintsho lokuguga kulusu liqela leemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso olwenzeka njengoko abantu bekhula.

Utshintsho lolusu lolunye lweempawu ezibonakalayo zokwaluphala. Ubungqina bokwanda kweminyaka kubandakanya imibimbi kunye nolusu olusemanzini. Ukwenza mhlophe okanye ukungwevu kweenwele ngomnye umqondiso ocacileyo wokuguga.

Ulusu lwakho lwenza izinto ezininzi. Iya:

• Inezamkeli zemithambo-luvo ezikuvumela ukuba uve ukubamba, iintlungu noxinzelelo
• Inceda ukulawula ulwelo kunye ne-electrolyte balance
• Inceda ukulawula ubushushu bomzimba wakho
• Ukukhusela kwindalo esingqongileyo

Nangona ulusu lunamaleko amaninzi, ngokubanzi lungohlulwa lube ngamacandelo amathathu aphambili:

• Inxalenye engaphandle (i-epidermis) iqulethe iiseli zolusu, i-pigment kunye neeproteni.
• Icandelo eliphakathi (i-dermis) lineeseli zolusu, imithambo yegazi, imithambo-luvo, iifollic zeenwele, kunye neencindi zeoyile. Idermis ibonelela ngezondlo kwi-epidermis.
• Uluhlu lwangaphakathi phantsi kwedermis (umaleko ongaphantsi) uqukethe amadlala okubila, ezinye iifollic zeenwele, imithambo yegazi, kunye namafutha.

Uluhlu ngalunye luqulathe izicwili ezinxibelelanayo kunye nemicu ye-collagen ukunika inkxaso kunye ne-elastin fibers ukubonelela ngokuqina kunye namandla.

Utshintsho lolusu luhambelana nezinto zokusingqongileyo, ukwenziwa kwemfuza, isondlo kunye nezinye izinto. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, kukuvezwa lilanga. Ungayibona le nto ngokuthelekisa iindawo zomzimba wakho ezichaphazeleka lilanga rhoqo kunye neendawo ezikhuselekileyo elangeni.

Umbala wendalo ubonakala unika ukhuseleko kumonakalo wolusu obangelwe lilanga. Amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abantu abanolusu olukhanyayo babonisa utshintsho oluguga ngakumbi kunabantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, esinombala kakhulu.

UTSHINTSHO OLUDALA

Ngokuguga, umaleko wesikhumba ongaphandle (i-epidermis) thins, nangona inani leeseli zihlala zingaguqukanga.

Inani leeseli zombala (i-melanocytes) liyancipha. Ii-melanocyte ezisele zonyusa ubungakanani. Ulusu olugugileyo lukhangeleka lucekethekile, lucacile kwaye lucacile (luyadlula). Iindawo ezinamabala kubandakanya amabala obudala okanye "amabala esibindi" anokuvela kwiindawo ezivezwe lilanga. Ixesha lonyango kwezi ndawo ziilentigos.

Utshintsho kwizicwili ezinxibelelanayo kunciphisa ukomelela kolusu kunye nokuqina. Oku kwaziwa njenge-elastosis. Iyabonakala kakhulu kwiindawo ezivezwa lilanga (elastosis yelanga). I-Elastosis ivelisa ukubonakala kwesikhumba, ukubethwa kwemozulu okuqhelekileyo kumafama, oomatiloshe, nakwabanye abachitha ixesha elininzi ngaphandle.

Imithambo yegazi yedermis iba ethe-ethe ngakumbi. Oku kukhokelela ekugruzukeni, ukopha phantsi kolusu (okuhlala kubizwa ngokuba yi-senile purpura), i-cherry angiomas, kunye neemeko ezifanayo.

Amadlala aSebaceous avelisa ioyile encinci njengoko uneminyaka yobudala. Amadoda afumana ukuhla okuncinci, amaxesha amaninzi emva kweminyaka engama-80. Amabhinqa avelisa ioyile encinci ukuqala emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Oku kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukugcina ulusu lufumile, oku kubangela ukoma kunye nokucheba.

Amanqwanqwa angaphantsi kwamafutha athambileyo ngenxa yoko ine-insulation encinci kunye ne-padding. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokulimala kwesikhumba kwaye kunciphise amandla akho okugcina iqondo lobushushu lomzimba. Kungenxa yokuba une-insulation encinci yendalo, unokufumana i-hypothermia kwimozulu ebandayo.

Amanye amayeza afunxwe ngumaleko wenqatha. Ukuncipha kolu luhlu kunokutshintsha indlela asebenza ngayo la mayeza.

Amadlala okubila avelisa ukubila okuncinci. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuhlala upholile. Umngcipheko wokufudumeza okanye ukuphuhlisa ukubetha kobushushu kuyanda.

Ukukhula okunje ngee-tag zesikhumba, iintsumpa, amabala amdaka ngebala (i-seborrheic keratoses), kunye nezinye iziphene zixhaphakile kubantu abadala. Okunye okuxhaphakileyo ziipetshi ezipinki (i-actinic keratosis) ezinamathuba amancinci okuba ngumhlaza wolusu.

UMSEBENZI WOKUTSHINTSHA

Njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, unobungozi obuninzi bokulimala kwesikhumba. Ulusu lwakho lubhityile, lubuthathaka ngakumbi, kwaye ulahlekelwa ngamanye amanqatha okhuselo. Kananjalo usenokungakwazi ukuqonda ukubamba, uxinzelelo, ukungcangcazela, ubushushu kunye nokubanda.

Ukurabha okanye ukutsala ulusu kunokubangela iinyembezi kulusu. Imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka inokuqhekeka ngokulula. Imivumbo, ingqokelela ethe tyaba yegazi (i-purpura), kunye nokuqokelelwa kwegazi (ihematomas) zinokubakho emva kokulimala okuncinci.

Izilonda zoxinzelelo zinokubangelwa lutshintsho lolusu, ukulahleka kwamanqatha, ukunciphisa umsebenzi, ukungondleki kakuhle kunye nezifo. Izilonda zibonakala ngokulula kumphandle wangaphandle kwengalo, kodwa zinokwenzeka naphi na emzimbeni.

Ulusu olugugileyo luzilungisa ngokuthe chu kunolusu olutsha. Ukuphilisa amanxeba kunokuba ukuya kumaxesha ama-4 kancinci. Oku kunegalelo kwizilonda koxinzelelo kunye nosulelo. Isifo seswekile, ukutshintsha kwenqanawa yegazi, ukwehlisa ukungakhuseleki, kunye nezinye izinto ezichaphazela ukuphilisa.

IINGXAKI EZIQHELEKILEYO

Ukuphazamiseka kolusu kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abadala kangangokuba kudla ngokuba nzima ukuxelela utshintsho oluqhelekileyo kwabo banxulumene nesifo. Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yabo bonke abantu abadala banohlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kolusu.

Ukuphazamiseka kolusu kunokubangelwa ziimeko ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• Izifo zemithambo yegazi, njenge-arteriosclerosis
• Seswekile
• Isifo sentliziyo
• Isifo sesibindi
• Ukuswela ukutya
• Ukutyeba kakhulu
• Impendulo kumayeza
• Uxinzelelo

Ezinye izizathu zotshintsho kulusu:

• Izinto ezaliwa nezityalo nezinye izinto
• Imozulu
• Impahla
• Ukuboniswa kwimichiza kunye nakwimizi yasekhaya
• Ukufudumeza ngaphakathi

Ukukhanya kwelanga kunokubangela:

• Ukuphulukana nobunzima (elastosis)
• Ukukhula kwesikhumba okungonakalisiyo (keratoacanthomas)
• Iinguqu kumbala ezinje ngamabala esibindi
• Ukutyeba kolusu

Ukuvezwa lilanga kukwanxulunyaniswe ngqo nomhlaza wolusu, kubandakanya umhlaza weseli osisiseko, i-squamous cell carcinoma, kunye ne-melanoma.

UKUTHINTELWA

Kuba uninzi lotshintsho lolusu lunxulumene nokuvezwa lilanga, ukuthintela yinkqubo yobomi bonke.

• Thintela ukutshiswa lilanga ukuba kunokwenzeka.
• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen esemgangathweni esemgangathweni xa ungaphandle, nasebusika.
• Nxiba impahla yokuzikhusela kunye nomnqwazi xa kufuneka njalo.

Isondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nolwelo olwaneleyo nako kuluncedo. Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwandisa ingozi yokwenzakala kolusu. Ngamanye amaxesha ukusilela okuncinci kwesondlo kunokubangela irhashalala, izilonda kulusu, kunye nolunye utshintsho kolusu, nokuba awunazo ezinye iimpawu.

Gcina ulusu lufumile ngee-lotion kunye nezinye izinto zokuthambisa. Sukusebenzisa iisepha eziqholiweyo kakhulu. Iioyile zokuhlamba azikhuthazwa kuba zinokubangela ukuba utyibilika kwaye uwe. Ulusu olumanzi lukhululekile kwaye luya kuphilisa ngokukhawuleza.

IMIBA ENXULUMENE

• Utshintsho ekwaluphaleni komzimba
• Utshintsho ekwaluphaleni kweenwele kunye neenzipho
• Utshintsho ekwaluphaleni kwimveliso yehomoni
• Utshintsho lokuguga kumalungu, izicubu kunye neeseli
• Utshintsho ekwaluphaleni emathanjeni, kwimisipha nakumalungu
• Utshintsho ekwaluphaleni ebeleni
• Iinguqu zokwaluphala ebusweni
• Utshintsho lokwaluphala kwiimvakalelo

Imibimbi - utshintsho oluguga; Ukuncipha kolusu

• Utshintsho ebusweni ngobudala

UTobin DJ, uVeysey EC, uFinlay AY. Ukwaluphala kunye nolusu. Ku: Gcwalisa i-HM, i-Rockwood K, i-Young J, ii-eds. Incwadi ka-Brocklehurst ye-Geriatric Medicine kunye neGerontology. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 25.

UWalston JD. I-sequelae eqhelekileyo yeklinikhi yokuguga. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 22.