Usulelo lwentsholongwane eNtshona

Intsholongwane yeNayile sisifo esisasazwa ziingcongconi. Imeko yeendawo ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima.

Intsholongwane yeNayile yeNtshonalanga yaqala ukubonwa ngo-1937 eUganda kwimpuma yeAfrika. Kwafunyanwa okokuqala e-United States ngehlobo lowe-1999 eNew York. Ukususela ngoko, intsholongwane iye yasasazeka e-US iphela.

Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba intsholongwane i-West Nile iyasasazeka xa ingcongconi iluma intaka eyosulelekileyo ize ilume umntu.

Iingcongconi zithwala esona sixa siphezulu sentsholongwane ekwindla, yiyo loo nto abantu abaninzi besifumana esi sifo ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti ukuya ekuqaleni kuka-Septemba. Njengokuba imozulu iya iqina kwaye iingcongconi ziyafa, zimbalwa iimeko zesifo.

Nangona abantu abaninzi belunywa ziingcongconi ezithwele intsholongwane yeNayile, uninzi alwazi ukuba losulelekile.

Imingcipheko yokuphuhlisa uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwentsholongwane yeNayile eNtshona lubandakanya:

• Iimeko ezenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba, anjenge-HIV / AIDS, ukufakelwa kwamalungu, kunye nonyango lwakutshanje lwechemotherapy
• Mdala okanye mncinci kakhulu
• Ukukhulelwa

Intsholongwane yeNayile isasazeka ngokudluliselwa kwegazi kunye nokufakelwa komzimba. Kuyenzeka ukuba umama osulelekileyo asasaze intsholongwane emntwaneni wakhe ngobisi lwebele.

Iimpawu zinokwenzeka kwiintsuku ezili-1 ukuya kwezi-14 emva kokuba wosulelekile. Isifo esiphantsi, esibizwa ngokuba yi-West Nile fever, sinokubangela ezinye okanye zonke ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nomqala obuhlungu
• Ukungabikho komdla
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Isihlunu, ukugabha, kunye norhudo
• Irhashalala
• I-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo

Ezi mpawu zihlala zihlala kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6, kodwa zinokuhlala inyanga.

Iindlela ezinobuzaza zezifo zibizwa ngokuba yi-West Nile encephalitis okanye i-West Nile meningitis, kuxhomekeke kweliphi ilungu lomzimba elichaphazelekayo. Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokwenzeka, kwaye kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukudideka okanye ukutshintsha kwisakhono sokucinga ngokucacileyo
• Ukuphulukana nokuqonda okanye isiqaqa
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Intamo elukhuni
• Ubuthathaka bengalo enye okanye umlenze

Iimpawu zosulelo lwentsholongwane eNayile zifana nezinye izifo ezosulelayo. Akunakubakho ziphumo ezithile kuvavanyo lomzimba. Phantse isiqingatha sabantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo waseNtshonalanga banokuthi bahlaselwe.

Uvavanyo lokufumanisa intsholongwane yeNayile eNtshona lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi okanye impompo yomqolo ukukhangela izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene nentsholongwane
• Ukuskena iNtloko ye-CT
• Iskena seNtloko seMRI

Kuba esi sifo asibangelwa ziintsholongwane, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane akalunyangi usulelo lwentsholongwane eNtshona. Unonophelo oluxhasayo lunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa iingxaki kwisifo esibi.

Abantu abanentsholongwane ye-Nile eseNtshona bayaphila emva konyango.

Kulabo banosulelo olukhulu, umbono awuqinisekanga ngakumbi. I-West Nile encephalitis okanye i-meningitis inokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwengqondo nasekufeni. Umntu omnye kwabalishumi abanokudumba kwengqondo akasindi.

Iingxaki ezivela kusuleleko lweNtsholongwane eNayile ezinqabileyo zinqabile.

Iingxaki ezivela kusuleleko lweNtsholongwane yeNayile eNtshona zibandakanya:

• Umonakalo wobuchopho
• Ubuthathaka obungapheliyo bemisipha (ngamanye amaxesha ifana nepoliyo)
• Ukufa

Tsalela umnxeba ukhathalelo lwempilo ukuba uneempawu zosulelo lwentsholongwane yaseNayile, ngakumbi ukuba unokunxibelelana neengcongconi. Ukuba ugula kakhulu, yiya kwigumbi lexakeka.

Akukho lunyango ukunqanda ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane emva kokulunywa yingcongconi. Abantu abasempilweni entle ngokubanzi abahlali benesifo esibi seNayile.

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela usulelo lwentsholongwane eNayile kukuthintela ukulunywa yingcongconi:

• Sebenzisa iimveliso zokugxotha iingcongconi eziqukethe i-DEET
• Nxiba imikhono emide neebhulukhwe
• Ukucoca amadama amanzi amileyo, njengemigqomo yenkunkuma kunye neesosi zesityalo (iingcongconi zizalela emanzini amileyo)

Ukutshiza koluntu iingcongconi kunokunciphisa ukuzala kwengcongconi.

Encephalitis - iNayile eNtshona; Meningitis - iNayile eNtshona

• Ingcongconi, ukondla abantu abadala kulusu
• Ingcongconi, iphung
• Ingcongconi, isihlenga seqanda
• Ingcongconi, umntu omdala
• Imenyu yengqondo

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Intsholongwane yeNayile. www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 10, 2018. Kufumaneka ngoJanuwari 7, 2018.

INaides SJ. Iiarboviruses ezibangela umkhuhlane kunye neerhashma. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 382.

UThomas SJ, Endy TP, uRothman AL, uBarrett AD. I-Flaviviruses (i-dengue, i-yellow fever, i-encephalitis yaseJapan, i-West Nile encephalitis, iSt. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. UMandell, uDouglas, kunye neMigaqo yeBennett kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezosulelayo, uHlelo oluHlaziyiweyo. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 155.