I-thyroid nodule

I-nodule ye-thyroid kukukhula (igaqa) kwidlala lengqula. Idlala lengqula limi ngaphambili entanyeni, ngasentla nje apho iikholeji zakho zidibana embindini.

Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid abangelwa kukugqithisa kweeseli kwi-thyroid gland. Oku kukhula kunokuba:

• Ayisiwo umhlaza (onobungozi), umhlaza wedlala lengqula (onobungozi), okanye onqabileyo kakhulu, eminye imihlaza okanye usulelo
• Ukuzaliswa kolwelo (ii-cysts)
• Iqhuqhuva elinye okanye iqela lamaqhuqhuva amancinci
• Ukuvelisa iihomoni ze-thyroid (i-nodule eshushu) okanye ungenzi iihomoni ze-thyroid (i-cold nodule)

Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid aqhelekile. Zenzeka rhoqo kwabafazi kunamadoda. Amathuba omntu okufumana i-nodule ye-thyroid ayonyuka kunye nobudala.

Zimbalwa kuphela iziziba ze-thyroid ezibangelwa ngumhlaza wedlala lengqula. I-nodule ye-thyroid inokuba ngumhlaza xa:

• Yiba ne-nodule enzima
• Yiba ne-nodule ebambelele kwizakhiwo ezikufuphi
• Unembali yosapho yomhlaza wedlala lengqula
• Uqaphele utshintsho kwilizwi lakho
• Abancinci kunama-20 okanye ngaphezulu kwama-70
• Unembali yokuvezwa kwemitha entloko okanye entanyeni
• Yindoda

Oonobangela bamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid abasoloko befumaneka, kodwa banokubandakanya:

• Isifo sikaHashimoto (impendulo yamajoni omzimba ngokuchasene nedlala lengqula)
• Ukungabikho kwe-iodine ekudleni

Uninzi lwamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid alubangeli zimpawu.

Amaqhuqhuva amakhulu anokucinezela ngokuchasene nezinye izakhiwo entanyeni. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezinje:

• I-goiter ebonakalayo (eyandisiweyo ye-thyroid gland)
• Ukugquma okanye ukutshintsha kwelizwi
• Intlungu entanyeni
• Iingxaki zokuphefumla, ngakumbi xa ulele phantsi
• Iingxaki zokuginya ukutya

Amaqhuqhuva avelisa iihomoni zamadlala egazi aya kuthi abangele iimpawu zokungasebenzi gland, kubandakanya:

• Sishushu, ulusu olubilayo
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubetha
• Ukwanda kwesidlo
• Uvalo okanye ixhala
• Ukuphumla okanye ukulala kakubi
• Ukuqaqamba kolusu okanye ukugungxula
• Ukuhamba rhoqo kwamathumbu
• Ukungcangcazela
• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Amaxesha okuya exesheni ngokungaqhelekanga okanye alula

Abantu abadala abane-nodule evelisa i-hormone ye-thyroid eninzi banokuba neempawu ezingacacanga kuphela, kuquka:

• Ukudinwa
• Iipalpitations
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuphulukana nenkumbulo

Ngamanye amaxesha amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid afunyanwa kubantu abanesifo sikaHashimoto. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu zentsholongwane ye-thyroid engasebenzi, njenge:

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ulusu olomileyo
• Ukudumba kobuso
• Ukudinwa
• Ukulahleka kweenwele
• Ukuziva ubanda xa abanye abantu bengenjalo
• Ukutyeba kwakho
• Amaxesha okuya exesheni ngokungaqhelekanga

Rhoqo, amaqhuqhuva avelisi zimpawu. Ababoneleli ngezempilo bahlala befumana amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo okanye iimvavanyo zokucinga ezenziwa ngesinye isizathu. Abantu abambalwa banamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid amakhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba aqaphele i-nodule yabo kwaye bacele umboneleli ukuba ahlole intamo yabo.

Ukuba umboneleli ufumana i-nodule okanye uneempawu zedolo, kungenziwa ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Inqanaba le-TSH kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwegazi
• I-thyroid ultrasound
• Ukuskena kwe-thyroid (iyeza lenyukliya)
• I-biopsy ye-aspiration aspiration ye-nodule okanye i-nodule ezininzi (ngamanye amaxesha kunye novavanyo olukhethekileyo lwemfuza kwizicubu ze-nodule)

Umboneleli wakho unokucebisa utyando ukususa yonke into okanye inxenye yeglandi yakho ye-thyroid ukuba i-nodule yile:

• Ngenxa yomhlaza wedlala lengqula
• Ukubangela iimpawu ezinje ngokuginya okanye ukuphefumla iingxaki
• Ukuba ialiti ephosakeleyo ayinakulinganiswa, kwaye umboneleli wakho akakwazi ukuxelela ukuba i-nodule ngumhlaza
• Ukwenza ihomoni yedlala lengqula eninzi

Abantu abanamaqhuqhuva enza ihomoni ye-thyroid eninzi banokunyangwa ngonyango lwe-radioiodine. Oku kunciphisa ubungakanani kunye nomsebenzi we-nodule. Abafazi abakhulelweyo okanye abasetyhini abasancancisayo abanikwa olu nyango.

Zombini ezi ndlela zotyando lokususa i-thyroid gland tissue kunye nonyango lwe-iodine enemitha enokusasazeka kunokubangela i-hypothyroidism yobomi bonke (i-thyroid engasebenziyo). Le meko kufuneka inyangwe ngokutshintshwa kwehomoni ye-thyroid (iyeza lemihla ngemihla).

Kumaqhuqhuva angenamhlaza angabangeli zimpawu kwaye awakhuli, olona nyango lulungileyo lunokuba:

• Ukulandela ngononophelo kuvavanyo lomzimba kunye ne-ultrasound
• I-biopsy ye-thyroid iphindaphindwe iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 emva kokuxilongwa, ngakumbi ukuba i-nodule ikhulile

Olunye unyango olunokubakho ngenaliti ye-ethanol (utywala) kwi-nodule yokuyinciphisa.

Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid angenabungozi asongela ubomi. Uninzi aludingi nyango. Iimviwo zokulandelela zanele.

Umbono womhlaza we-thyroid uxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza. Kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wedlala lengqondo, umbono ulunge kakhulu emva konyango.

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba uziva okanye ubona iqhuma entanyeni yakho, okanye ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu ye-thyroid nodule.

Ukuba ubonakalisiwe kwimitha ebusweni okanye entanyeni, nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho. Intamo ye-ultrasound inokwenziwa ukujonga amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid.

Ithumba le-thyroid - i-nodule; Idenoma yegciwane - i-nodule; I-thyroid carcinoma - i-nodule; Umhlaza wedlala lengqula; Idlala lengozi; Hot nodule; Ingqele ebandayo; Thyrotoxicosis - isisu; Hyperthyroidism - nodule

• Ukususwa kwendlala ye-thyroid - ukukhutshwa

• Idlala lengqula biopsy

IHaugen BR, uAlexander EK, iBhayibhile KC, et al.Izikhokelo zolawulo lwe-2015 American Thyroid Association kwizigulana zabantu abadala ezinamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid kunye nomhlaza we-thyroid owahlukileyo: I-American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force kwi-Thyroid Nodules kunye neCancer Cancer. Idlala lengqula. Ngo-2016; 26 (1): 1-133. IINKCUKACHA: 26462967 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462967/.

IFayiletti S, iTuttle M, iLeboulleux S, uAlexander EK. I-nontoxic isasaza i-goiter, ukuphazamiseka kwethyroid, kunye ne-thyroid malignancies. Ku: UMelmed S, uAuchus RJ, uGoldfine AB, uKoenig RJ, uRosen CJ, ii-eds. Incwadi kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 14.

UJonklaas J, Cooper DS. Idlala lengqula. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 213.