Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi

Uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi lwenzeka xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lusezantsi kakhulu kunesiqhelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba intliziyo, ingqondo, kunye namanye amalungu omzimba awafumani gazi laneleyo. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo ikakhulu phakathi kwe-90/60 mmHg kunye ne-120/80 mmHg.

Igama lonyango loxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi yi-hypotension.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi luyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ukwehla kancinci njenge-20 mmHg, kunokubangela iingxaki kwabanye abantu. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezizathu zoxinzelelo lwegazi.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi olunamandla lunokubangelwa kukulahleka kwegazi ngesiquphe (ukothuka), usulelo olomeleleyo, isifo sentliziyo, okanye uhlaselo olomeleleyo (anaphylaxis).

I-Orthostatic hypotension ibangelwa lutshintsho ngesiquphe kwimeko yomzimba. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa usuka ekulaleni ukuya ekumeni. Olu hlobo loxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi luhlala luhlala nje imizuzwana embalwa okanye imizuzu. Ukuba olu hlobo loxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi lwenzeka emva kokutya, lubizwa ngokuba yi-postprandial orthostatic hypotension. Olu hlobo luhlala luchaphazela abantu abadala, abo banexinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, kunye nabantu abanesifo seParkinson.

I-hypotension engqinelanayo ngokwendalo (i-NMH) ihlala ichaphazela abantu abadala abancinci kunye nabantwana. Inokwenzeka xa umntu emile ixesha elide. Abantwana bahlala begqitha olu hlobo lwe-hypotension.

Amayeza athile kunye nezinto zingakhokelela kuxinzelelo lwegazi, kubandakanya:

• Utywala
• Amayeza alwa noxinzelelo
• Ezinye iziyobisi
• Womchamo
• Amayeza entliziyo, kubandakanya nalawo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesifo sentliziyo
• Amayeza asetyenziselwa utyando
• Iintlungu

Ezinye izizathu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi zibandakanya:

• Umonakalo wemithambo yesifo seswekile
• Utshintsho kwisingqi sentliziyo (arrhythmias)
• Ukungaseli ngokwaneleyo ulwelo (ukomisa)
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo

Iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi zinokubandakanya:

• Umbono ongenangqondo
• Ukudideka
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ukuphelelwa amandla (syncope)
• Ubumhlophe
• Isihlunu okanye ukugabha
• Ukulala
• Ubuthathaka

Umboneleli wezempilo uyakukuvavanya ukuze aqonde unobangela woxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi. Iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo (ubushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, izinga lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi) ziya kujongwa rhoqo. Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele okwethutyana.

Umboneleli uya kubuza imibuzo, kubandakanya:

• Yintoni uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo?
• Ngawaphi amayeza owasebenzisayo?
• Ngaba ubusitya kwaye usela ngesiqhelo?
• Ngaba ukhe wagula, ingozi okanye ukwenzakala kutshanje?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu onazo?
• Ngaba ukhe waphelelwa ngamandla okanye wasinda?
• Ngaba uziva unesiyezi okanye unentloko encinci xa umile okanye uhleli emva kokulala?

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa:

• Iphaneli esisiseko yokutya
• Iinkcubeko zegazi ukujonga usulelo
• Gcwalisa inani legazi (CBC), kubandakanya ukwahluka kwegazi
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo
• X-reyi yesisu
• X-ray esifubeni

Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo kumntu ophilileyo ongabangeli naziphi na iimpawu zihlala zingaludingi unyango. Ngaphandle koko, unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu soxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi kunye neempawu zakho.

Xa unempawu zokwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi, hlala okanye ulale kwangoko. Emva koko phakamisa iinyawo zakho ngaphezu kwenqanaba lentliziyo.

Uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo olunamandla olubangelwa kukothuka kungxamiseko kwezonyango. Unokunikwa:

• Igazi ngenaliti (IV)
• Amayeza okwandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuphucula amandla entliziyo
• Amanye amayeza, anje ngeantibiotic

Unyango loxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi emva kokuma ngokukhawuleza kubandakanya:

• Ukuba amayeza ngunobangela, umboneleli wakho unokutshintsha idosi okanye akutshintshele kwelinye iyeza. SUKUYEKE ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza ngaphambi kokuba uthethe nomboneleli wakho.
• Umboneleli wakho unokucebisa ukusela amanzi angaphezulu ukunyanga ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukunxiba iisokisi zokucinezelwa kunokunceda ukugcina igazi ekuqokeleleni emilenzeni. Oku kugcina igazi elininzi emzimbeni ophezulu.

Abantu abane-NMH kufuneka baphephe izinto ezinokubangela, ezinje ngokuma ixesha elide. Olunye unyango lubandakanya ukusela amanzi kunye nokwandisa ityuwa ekutyeni kwakho. Thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuzama la manyathelo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, amayeza anokumiselwa.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi lunokunyangwa ngempumelelo.

Ukuwa ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi kubantu abadala kunokubangela ukwaphuka kwesinqe okanye ukwaphuka umqolo. Oku kwenzakala kunokunciphisa impilo yomntu kunye nokukwazi ukuhambahamba.

Ukuhla ngesiquphe koxinzelelo lwegazi kulambisa umzimba wakho weoksijini. Oku kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwentliziyo, kwengqondo kunye namanye amalungu. Olu hlobo lwexinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi lunokusongela ubomi ukuba alunyangwa kwangoko.

Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi lubangela ukuba umntu aphume (angabikho zingqondweni), funa unyango kwangoko. Okanye, fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni enje nge-911. Ukuba umntu akaphefumli okanye akanangxaki yokubetha kwentliziyo, qala iCPR.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba unayo enye yezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Izitulo ezimnyama okanye ezimnyama
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuba nesiyezi, ukuba nentloko elula
• Ukufa isiqaqa
• Umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe-101 ° F (38.3 ° C)
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Umboneleli wakho unokuncoma amanyathelo athile okuthintela okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho kubandakanya:

• Ukusela ulwelo oluninzi
• Ukuphakama kancinci emva kokuhlala okanye ukungqengqa
• Ukungaseli tywala
• Awumi ixesha elide (ukuba unayo i-NMH)
• Sebenzisa isitokhwe soxinzelelo ukuze igazi lingaqokeleli emilenzeni

Uxinzelelo lwegazi; Uxinzelelo lwegazi - luphantsi; Uxinzelelo lwe-postprandial; Uxinzelelo lwe-Orthostatic; Ulungelelwaniso olulinganisiweyo ngokwendalo; I-NMH

ICalkins HG, iZipes DP. Hypotension kunye ne syncope. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo seBraunwald: Incwadi yesifundo seMpilo yeNtliziyo. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 43.

ICheshire WP. Ukuphazamiseka okuzenzekelayo kunye nolawulo lwabo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahluko 418.