Uvavanyo lwesine lwesikrini

Uvavanyo lwesikrini esine-quadruple luvavanyo lwegazi olwenziwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukumisela ukuba ingaba umntwana usesichengeni seziphene ezithile zokuzalwa.

Olu vavanyo luhlala lusenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-22 zokukhulelwa. Ichaneke kakhulu phakathi kweveki ye-16 neye-18.

Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi ize ithunyelwe elebhu ukuvavanywa.

Amanyathelo okuvavanya amanqanaba ama-4 okukhulelwa kwehomoni:

• I-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), iprotein eveliswa lusana
• I-chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), ihomoni eveliswe kwi-placenta
• I-estriol engaxutywanga (iE3), uhlobo lwehomoni estrogen eveliswe kwimveku engekazalwa kunye nakwiplasenta
• Inhibin A, ihomoni ekhutshwa yiplacenta

Ukuba uvavanyo alulinganisi amanqanaba e-inhibin A, lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwesikrini kathathu.

Ukuchonga ithuba lokuba umntwana wakho abe nesiphene sokuzalwa, kuvavanyo kukwakho nezinto ezi:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Imvelaphi yakho yobuhlanga
• Ubunzima bakho
• Ubudala bokukhulelwa komntwana wakho (kulinganiswa ngeeveki ukusukela kusuku lwakho lokugqibela ukuya kumhla wangoku)

Akukho manyathelo akhethekileyo afunekayo ukulungiselela uvavanyo. Ungatya okanye usele ngesiqhelo ngaphambi kovavanyo.

Unokuziva iintlungu okanye ulwamvila xa kufakwa inaliti. Unokuziva ubethwa sisiza emva kokuba kuthathwe igazi.

Uvavanyo lwenziwe ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba umntwana wakho angaba semngciphekweni weziphene ezithile zokuzalwa, ezinje nge-Down syndrome kunye neziphene zokuzalwa kwikholam yomqolo kunye nengqondo (ebizwa ngokuba ziziphene zetyhubhu ye-neural). Olu vavanyo luvavanyo lokuhlola, ngenxa yoko aluchongi iingxaki.

Abanye abantu basetyhini basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomntwana onezi ziphene, kubandakanya:

• Abasetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Abasetyhini bathatha i-insulin ukunyanga isifo seswekile
• Abasetyhini abanembali yosapho yeziphene zokuzalwa

Amanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-AFP, hCG, uE3, kunye ne-inhibin A.

Amaxabiso esiqhelo ahluka kancinci phakathi kweelebhu ezahlukeneyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nentsingiselo yeziphumo zakho zovavanyo.

Iziphumo zovavanyo ezingaqhelekanga AKUTHETHI ukuba umntwana wakho ngokuqinisekileyo unesiphene sokuzalwa. Rhoqo, iziphumo zinokungaqhelekanga ukuba umntwana wakho umdala okanye mncinci kunokuba umboneleli wakho ebecinga.

Ukuba unesiphumo esingaqhelekanga, uya kuba nenye i-ultrasound ukujonga ubudala bomntwana okhulayo.

Uvavanyo oluninzi kunye nokucebisa kunokucetyiswa ukuba i-ultrasound ibonisa ingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu bakhetha ukungazenzi ezinye iimvavanyo, ngenxa yobuqu okanye yezenkolo.Amanyathelo alandelayo anokubakho aquka:

• I-Amniocentesis, ejonga inqanaba le-AFP kulwelo lwe-amniotic ejikeleze usana. Uvavanyo lwe-Genetic lunokwenziwa kwi-amniotic fluid esuswe kuvavanyo.
• Uvavanyo lokufumanisa okanye ukukhupha iziphene ezithile zokuzalwa (ezinjenge-Down syndrome).
• Ingcebiso ngemfuzo.
• I-Ultrasound yokujonga ingqondo yomntwana, intambo yomqolo, izintso kunye nentliziyo.

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-AFP kunokuba ngenxa yengxaki ekukhuleni kosana, kubandakanya:

• Ukungabikho kwenxalenye yengqondo kunye nekhakhayi (anencephaly)
• Isiphene kumathumbu omntwana okanye kwamanye amalungu akufuphi (njenge-duodenal atresia)
• Ukufa komntwana ngaphakathi esibelekweni (kuhlala kukhokelela ekuphumeni kwesisu)
• Ispina bifida (isiphene somqolo)
• I-Tetralogy ye-Fallot (isiphako sentliziyo)
• I-Turner syndrome (isiphene semfuza)

Ukuphakama kwe-AFP kunokuthetha ukuba uphethe ngaphezulu komntwana omnye.

Amanqanaba asezantsi e-AFP kunye ne-estriol kunye namanqanaba aphezulu e-hCG kunye ne-inhibin A kunokuba ngenxa yengxaki enje:

• I-Down syndrome (i-trisomy 21)
• Isifo sikaEdwards (trisomy 18)

Isikrini esine-quadruple sinokuba neziphumo ezibubuxoki kunye neziphumo ezingezizo (nangona zichanekile kancinci kunesikrini esithathu). Iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu ziyafuneka ukuqinisekisa isiphumo esingaqhelekanga.

Ukuba uvavanyo aluqhelekanga, kuya kufuneka uthethe nomcebisi ngemfuzo.

Isikrini seQuad; Ukuphononongwa kwamakishi amaninzi; I-AFP kunye; Uvavanyo lwesikrini esithathu; Umama we-AFP; MSAFP; Isikrini esimakishayo esine-4; Down syndrome - zine; I-Trisomy 21 - ephindwe kabini; Turner syndrome - kane; Umqolo obomvu - kane; Tetralogy - kane; Atresia duodenal - kane; Ingcebiso yemfuzo - kane; I-alpha-fetoprotein iphindwe kabini; I-chorionic gonadotropin yabantu-ephindwe kabini; hCG - kane; I-estriol engaxutywanga - iphindwe kabini; uE3 - kane; Ukukhulelwa - kane; Isiphene sokuzalwa - kane; Uvavanyo lwamanqaku amane; Uvavanyo lwe-Quad; Isikrini sokumakisha esine

• Isikrini esine

I-ACOG yokuziqhelanisa neBulletin eyi-162: Uvavanyo lokuchonga ngaphambi kokubeleka lokuphazamiseka kwimfuzo. IGynecol ebambekayo. Ngo-2016; 127 (5): e108-e122. IINKCUKACHA: 26938573 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26938573/.

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U-Wapner RJ, Dugoff L.Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sokuzalwa komntwana ngaphambi kokubeleka. Ku: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Isilivere RM, ii-eds. I-Creasy kunye neResnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 32.

UWilliam DE, uPridjian G. Obstetrics. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Incwadi yesikhokelo samayeza osapho. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 20.