I-anomalous ye-coronary artery kwi-pulmonary artery

Umtsalane we-coronary artery we-pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) sisiphene sentliziyo. Umthambo we-coronary artery (LCA), ohambisa igazi esihlunwini sentliziyo, uqala kwi-pulmonary artery endaweni ye-aorta.

I-ALCAPA ikhona ekuzalweni (kokuzalwa).

I-ALCAPA yingxaki eyenzekayo xa intliziyo yomntwana ikhula kwangethuba ekukhulelweni. Umthambo wegazi okhulayo kwimisipha yentliziyo awunamathelani ngokuchanekileyo.

Kwintliziyo eqhelekileyo, i-LCA ivela kwi-aorta. Ibonelela ngegazi eline-oksijini kwisisipha sentliziyo kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo kunye nevalve ye-mitral (ivelufa yentliziyo phakathi kwamagumbi aphezulu nasezantsi entliziyweni kwicala lasekhohlo). I-aorta lelona gazi liphambili lithatha igazi eline-oksijini entliziyweni ukusuka kuwo wonke umzimba.

Kubantwana abane-ALCAPA, i-LCA ivela kwi-pulmonary artery. Umthambo we-pulmonary ngowona mthambo wegazi uthatha i-oksijini-engenagazi lisuka entliziyweni liye emiphungeni ukuze lithathe ioksijini.

Xa kusenzeka le nto, igazi elingenayo ioksijini liyasiwa kwisihlunu sentliziyo kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo. Ke ngoko, umsipha wentliziyo awufumani oksijini yaneleyo. Izicubu ziqala ukufa ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini. Oku kunokubangela isifo sentliziyo emntwaneni.

Imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi "coronary steal" yonakalisa ngakumbi iintliziyo kwiintsana ezine ALCAPA. Uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi kwimithambo yemiphunga lubangela igazi elivela kwi-LCA edityaniswe ngokungaqhelekanga ukuba libuyele kumthambo we-pulmonary endaweni yokuya kwisisipha sentliziyo. Oku kukhokelela kwigazi elincinci kunye neoksijini kwimisipha yentliziyo. Le ngxaki inokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo kusana. Ukubiwa kweCoronary kukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha kwiintsana ezine-ALCAPA ukuba imeko ayinyangwa kwangethuba.

Iimpawu ze-ALCAPA kwiintsana zibandakanya:

• Ukulila okanye ukubila ngexesha lokondla
• Ukucaphuka
• Ulusu oluthuthu
• Ukutya okungalunganga
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• Iimpawu zentlungu okanye uxinzelelo emntwaneni (zihlala ziphosakele nge-colic)

Iimpawu zinokuvela ngaphakathi kweenyanga ezimbini zokuqala zobomi bosana.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-ALCAPA ifunyaniswa ngexesha lokusana. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, esi siphene asifumaneki de umntu abe ngumntwana okanye umntu omdala.

Ngexesha loviwo, umboneleli wezempilo uya kufumana imiqondiso ye-ALCAPA, kubandakanya:

• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• Yandisa intliziyo
• Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo (kunqabile)
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza

Uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa lubandakanya:

• I-Echocardiogram, eyi-ultrasound ejonga ukwakheka kwentliziyo kunye nokuhamba kwegazi ngaphakathi entliziyweni
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG), eyenza amanyathelo ombane wentliziyo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-MRI, ebonelela ngomfanekiso oneenkcukacha zentliziyo
• I-catheterization yentliziyo, inkqubo apho ityhubhu encinci (catheter) ibekwa entliziyweni ukubona ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nokuthatha imilinganiselo echanekileyo yoxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba eoksijini

Ugqirha luyafuneka ukulungisa i-ALCAPA. Lunye kuphela utyando olufunekayo kwiimeko ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, utyando luya kuxhomekeka kwimeko yomntwana kunye nobungakanani bemithambo yegazi ebandakanyekayo.

Ukuba intliziyo yesisu exhasa i-mitral valve yonakaliswe kakhulu kwi-oksijini eyanciphileyo, umntwana unokufuna ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa okanye ukubuyisela i-valve. I-mitral valve ilawula ukuhamba kwegazi phakathi kwamagumbi kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo.

Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo kungenziwa kwimeko yokuba intliziyo yomntwana yonakaliswe kakhulu ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini.

Amayeza asetyenziswayo aquka:

• Iipilisi zamanzi (i-diuretics)
• Iziyobisi ezenza ukuba impompo yemisipha yentliziyo ibe nzima (iiarhente ze-inotropic)
• Iziyobisi ezathoba umthwalo entliziyweni (i-beta-blockers, i-ACE inhibitors)

Ngaphandle konyango, uninzi lweentsana aluphili unyaka wokuqala. Abantwana abaphila ngaphandle konyango banokuba neengxaki ezinzulu zentliziyo. Iintsana ezinale ngxaki zinganyangwa zinokufa ngesiquphe kule minyaka ilandelayo.

Ngonyango lwakwangoko njengokuhlinzwa, uninzi lweentsana lwenza kakuhle kwaye lungalindela ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ukulandela rhoqo kunye nengcali yentliziyo (ugqirha wentliziyo) kuya kufuneka.

Iingxaki ze-ALCAPA zibandakanya:

• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Iingxaki zesingqi sentliziyo
• Umonakalo ongapheliyo entliziyweni

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Uphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• Ijongeka iluthuthu
• Kubonakala ngathi unxunguphele kwaye uyalila rhoqo

Imvelaphi engathandekiyo ye-coronary artery evela kwi-pulmonary artery; ALCAPA; Isifo se-ALCAPA; Isifo seBland-White-Garland; Isiphene sentliziyo esibelekwe - ALCAPA; Isiphene sokuzalwa-ALCAPA

• Umtsalane oshiyekileyo umthambo wecoronary

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