Iskena seMRI yebele

Uvavanyo lwe-MRI lwebele (imaging magnetic resonance imaging) luvavanyo lokucinga olusebenzisa iimagnethi ezinamandla kunye namaza erediyo ukwenza imifanekiso yesifuba kunye nezicubu ezijikelezileyo. Ayisebenzisi i-radiation (x-ray).

I-MRI yebele inokwenziwa ngokudibanisa ne-mammography okanye i-ultrasound. Ayisiyombuyekezo yemammography.

Uya kunxiba ilokhwe yasesibhedlele okanye iimpahla ngaphandle kwezithonga zentsimbi okanye iziphu (ibhlukhwe ebilayo kunye nesikipa). Ezinye iintlobo zentsimbi zinokubangela imifanekiso engacacanga.

Uya kulala ngesisu kwitafile emxinwa kunye namabele akho axhonywe kwindawo evulekileyo. Itafile ityibilika ityhubhu enkulu efana netonela.

Ezinye iimviwo zifuna idayi ekhethekileyo (umahluko). Uninzi lwexesha, uya kuyifumana idayi nge-vein (IV) esandleni sakho okanye kwingalo yakho. Idayi inceda ugqirha (i-radiologist) ukubona ezinye iindawo ngokucacileyo.

Ngexesha le-MRI, umntu osebenza kumatshini uya kukujonga ukwelinye igumbi. Uvavanyo luthatha imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60, kodwa lungathatha ixesha elide.

Ngokuqinisekileyo ngekhe ufune ukwenza nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo. Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokutya nokusela ngaphambi kovavanyo.

Xelela umboneleli wakho ukuba woyika indawo ezixineneyo (une-claustrophobia). Unokunikwa iyeza lokukunceda uzive usozela kwaye ungakhathazeki kangako. Umboneleli wakho unokucebisa nge-MRI "evulekileyo". Umatshini awukufuphi emzimbeni kolu hlobo lovavanyo.

Ngaphambi kovavanyo, xelela umboneleli wakho ukuba unayo:

• Iiklip ze-aneurysm zengqondo
• Iindidi ezithile zezivalo zentliziyo ezingezizo
• Intliziyo defibrillator okanye ipacemaker
• Ukufakwa kwendlebe ngaphakathi (cochlear)
• Isifo sezintso okanye i-dialysis (ngekhe ube nakho ukufumana umahluko we-IV)
• Kutshanje kubekwe amalungu anganyanisekanga
• Iindidi ezithile ze-vascular stents
• Ukusebenza ngesinyithi kwiphepha elidlulileyo (unokufuna iimvavanyo ukujonga iziqwenga zentsimbi emehlweni akho)

Ngenxa yokuba i-MRI iqulethe iimagnethi ezinamandla, izinto zesinyithi azivumelekanga kwigumbi elinesikena se-MRI:

• Iipeni, iipokotho, kunye neiglasi zamehlo zingabhabha ngaphaya kwegumbi.
• Izinto ezinje ngezacholo, iiwotshi, amakhadi etyala kunye nezinto zokuva zinokonakaliswa.
• Izikhonkwane, izikhonkwane zeenwele, iiziphu zentsimbi, kunye nezinto ezifanayo zesinyithi zinokuyigqwetha imifanekiso.
• Umsebenzi osuswayo wamazinyo kufuneka ukhutshwe ngaphambi nje kokuskena.

Uvavanyo lwe-MRI alubangeli zintlungu. Kuya kufuneka uxoke. Ukuhamba kakhulu kunokuphazamisa imifanekiso ye-MRI kwaye kubangele iimpazamo.

Ukuba uxhalabile kakhulu, unokunikwa iyeza lokuthomalalisa imithambo-luvo yakho.

Itafile inokuba nzima okanye ibanda, kodwa ungacela ingubo okanye umqamelo. Umatshini wenza ingxolo enkulu kunye nengxolo xa kuvuliwe. Uya kuthi unikwe iiplagi zendlebe ukunceda ukunciphisa ingxolo.

I-intercom egumbini ikuvumela ukuba uthethe nomntu nangaliphi na ixesha. Ezinye ii-MRIs zinomabonakude kunye neefowuni ezizodwa ukunceda ixesha lidlule.

Akukho xesha lokufumana kwakhona, ngaphandle kokuba unikwe iyeza lokuphumla. Emva kokuvavanywa kweMRI, ungabuyela kwindlela oqhele ukutya ngayo, umsebenzi kunye namayeza ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ngenye indlela.

I-MRI ibonelela ngemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zesifuba. Ikwabonelela ngemifanekiso ecacileyo yeenxalenye zebele ekunzima ukuzibona ngokucacileyo kwi-ultrasound okanye kwi-mammogram.

I-MRI yesifuba inokwenziwa kwakhona:

• Jonga umhlaza ngakumbi kwisifuba esinye okanye kwelinye ibele emva kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo somhlaza webele
• Ukwahlula phakathi kwezicubu ezibomvu kunye nezidumba esifubeni
• Vavanya iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga kwi-mammogram okanye kwi-ultrasound yamabele
• Vavanya ukuphuka okunokwenzeka kokufakelwa kwamabele
• Fumana nawuphi na umhlaza ohleliyo emva kotyando okanye ichemotherapy
• Bonisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwindawo yebele
• Khokela i-biopsy

I-MRI yebele inokwenziwa kwakhona emva kwe-mammogram ukujonga umhlaza webele kubafazi:

• Ngaba basemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wamabele (abo banembali yosapho eyomeleleyo okanye uphawu lwofuzo lomhlaza wamabele)
• Yiba nezicubu zamabele ezixineneyo

Ngaphambi kokuba ube ne-MRI yebele, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga neenzuzo kunye neengozi zokuvavanywa. Buza malunga:

• Umngcipheko womhlaza webele
• Nokuba ukuvavanywa kunciphisa ithuba lakho lokufa ngumhlaza wamabele
• Nokuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo ekuhlolweni komhlaza wamabele, njengemiphumela emibi kuvavanyo okanye kunyango lomhlaza xa ifunyenwe

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokubangelwa:

• Umhlaza webele
• Iingqungquthela
• Ukufakwa okanye ukufakwa kwamabele okufakelwa
• Izicubu zamabele ezingaqhelekanga ezingezizo ezomhlaza
• Isiva

Qhagamshelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba unemibuzo kunye neenkxalabo.

I-MRI ayiqulathanga imitha. Akukho ziphumo zibi zivela kumazibuthe omazantsi kunye namaza erediyo axeliweyo.

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuchasana (idayi) elisetyenzisiweyo yi-gadolinium. Kukhuselekile kakhulu. Ukuphendula okwaliwa kule dayi kunqabile. Nangona kunjalo, i-gadolinium inokuba yingozi kubantu abaneengxaki zezintso abafuna i-dialysis. Ukuba unengxaki yezintso, xelela umboneleli wakho phambi kovavanyo.

Iindawo ezinamandla zemagneti ezenziwe ngexesha le-MRI zinokwenza iintliziyo zentliziyo kunye nezinye izinto zokufakelwa zingasebenzi ngokunjalo. Inokubangela ukuba iqhekeza lesinyithi ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho lihambe okanye litshintshe.

I-MRI yebele ibuthathaka ngakumbi kune-mammogram, ngakumbi xa isenziwa kusetyenziswa idayi eyahlukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-MRI yebele ayinakuhlala ikwazi ukwahlula umhlaza webele kukungakhuli komhlaza webele. Oku kunokukhokelela kwisiphumo sokungathembeki.

I-MRI nayo ayinakuthabatha amaqhekeza amancinci e-calcium (i-microcalcifications), enokufunyanwa yi-mammogram. Iindidi ezithile zokubala zinokubonisa umhlaza webele.

Kufuneka kwenziwe i-biopsy ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ze-MRI yebele.

I-MRI - ibele; Imagnetic resonance imaging - ibele; Umhlaza webele - iMRI; Uvavanyo lomhlaza webele-iMRI

Umbutho waseMelika woMhlaza. Iingcebiso zoMbutho woMhlaza waseMelika malunga nokufunyanwa komhlaza webele kwangoko. www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-3 ka-Okthobha i-2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

Ikholeji yaseMelika yeRadiology iwebhusayithi. I-ACR yokuziqhelanisa neparamitha yokusebenza komfanekiso ophuculweyo wemagneti yokujonga umfanekiso (MRI) webele. www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Practice-Parameters/mr-contrast-breast.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa kwe2018. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 24, 2020.

Ikholeji yaseMelika yoNyango kunye ne-Gynecologists (ACOG) iwebhusayithi. I-ACOG yokuziQhelanisa ne-Bulletin: Uvavanyo lomngcipheko womhlaza webele kunye nokuvavanywa kwabafazi abasemngciphekweni. www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Practice-Bulletins/Committee-on-Practice-Bulletins-Gynecology/Breast-Cancer-Risk-Assessment-and-Screening-in-Average-Risk-Women. I-179, kaJulayi 2017 Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Uvavanyo lomhlaza webele (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-screening-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 18, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 20, 2020. Siu AL; Umsebenzi woKhuseleko kwi-US. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wamabele: Isiteyitimenti sokuCetyiswa kweeNkonzo zoThintelo lwe-US. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2016; 164 (4): 279-296. IINKCUKACHA: 26757170 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757170.