Iiswiti - izinto ezithatha indawo yeswekile

Izinto ezithatha indawo yeswekile zizinto ezisetyenziswa endaweni yeswekile (i-sucrose) okanye iswekile yotywala. Banokubizwa ngokuba zii-sweeteners ezingezizo ezesondlo (i-NNS), kunye nezithambisi ezingekho mthethweni.

Abatshintshi beswekile banokuba luncedo kubantu abazama ukunciphisa umzimba. Banikezela ubumnandi ekutyeni nasekuseleni ngaphandle kokongeza iikhalori ezininzi. Uninzi lwezi luqulathe phantse akukho calories.

Sebenzisa izinto ezingena endaweni yeswekile endaweni yeswekile kunokunceda ukuthintela ukubola kwamazinyo. Banokukunceda kulawulo lweswekile egazini kubantu abanesifo seswekile.

Izinto ezithatha indawo yeswekile zinokongezwa ekutyeni xa usitya. Uninzi lunokusetyenziswa ngexesha lokupheka kunye nokubhaka. Uninzi “lokungabinashukela” okanye iimveliso zokutya ezinekhalori ezisezantsi ozithengileyo evenkileni zenziwa kusetyenziswa izinto ezingena endaweni yeswekile.

Indawo esetyenziswa endaweni yeswekile ibandakanya:

I-Aspartame (ilingana kunye neNutraSweet)

• I-sweetener enesondlo-ineekhalori, kodwa iswiti kakhulu, akukho nto ingako ifunekayo.
• Umdibaniso wee-amino acid ezimbini- i-phenylalanine kunye ne-aspartic acid.
• Amaxesha angama-200 amnandi kune-sucrose.
• Iphulukana nobumnandi bayo xa ivezwe bubushushu. Isetyenziswe kakuhle kwiziselo kunokubhaka.
• Ufunde kakuhle, kwaye khange abonise naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu.
• Ivunyiwe yi-FDA. (I-FDA ifuna ukuba ukutya okuqukethe i-aspartame kufuneka kuthwale inkcazo yolwazi kubantu abane-PKU (phenylketonuria, isifo esingaqhelekanga semfuzo) ukubazisa malunga nobukho be-phenylalanine.)

ISucralose (Splenda)

• I-sweetener engenasondlo - akukho okanye iikhalori eziphantsi kakhulu
• Amaxesha ayi-600 amnandi kune-sucrose
• Isetyenziswe kukutya nakwiziselo ezininzi, itshungama, iidizethi zobisi ezinqabileyo, izinto ezibhakiweyo kunye nejelatin
• Unokongezwa ekutyeni kwetafile okanye usetyenziswe kwizinto ezibhakiweyo
• Ivunyiwe yi-FDA

Saccharin (Sweet 'N Low, Twin eSwiti, NectaSweet)

• I-sweetener engenasondlo
• Ama-200 ukuya kuma-700 amaxesha amnandi kune-sucrose
• Isetyenziswe kukutya okuninzi kunye neziselo
• Unokuba ne-aftertaste ekrakra okanye yentsimbi kwezinye izinto ezingamanzi
• Ayisetyenziswa ekuphekeni nasekubhakeni
• Ivunyiwe yi-FDA

UStevia (Truvia, Via echanekileyo, iiKristale zelanga)

• I-sweetener engenasondlo.
• Yenziwe kwisityalo UStevia rebaudiana, Ikhuliselwa amagqabi amnandi.
• Isicatshulwa seRebaudiana samkelwe njengesongezo sokutya. Kucatshangelwa njengesongezelelo sokutya.
• Ngokubanzi yamkelwe njengekhuselekileyo (GRAS) yi-FDA.

I-Acesulfame K (i-Sunett kunye ne-Sweet One)

• I-sweetener engenasondlo
• Amaxesha ayi-200 amnandi kuneswekile
• Ubushushu obuzinzileyo bunokusetyenziselwa ukupheka naxa kubhakwa
• Ingongezwa ekutyeni etafileni
• Isetyenziswe kunye nezinye izinto ezinencasa, ezinje nge saccharin, kwiziselo ezine khalori ezisezantsi kunye nezinye iimveliso
• Uninzi olufana netafile yeswekile kwincasa kunye nokuthungwa
• Ivunyiwe yi-FDA

Neotame (Igama elitsha)

• I-sweetener engenasondlo
• Ama-7,000 ukuya kuma-13,000 amaxesha amnandi kunoshukela
• Isetyenziswe kukutya okuninzi kunye neziselo
• Ingasetyenziselwa ukubhaka
• Isetyenziswa njengetafile yetafile yeswiti
• Ivunyiwe yi-FDA

Iziqhamo zemonk (iLuo Han Guo)

• I-sweetener engenasondlo
• Isicatshulwa esisekwe kwisityalo sesiqhamo semonki, imelon eluhlaza ojikelezayo okhula emazantsi eChina
• Ama-100 ukuya kuma-250 amaxesha amnandi kune-sucrose
• Ubushushu bushushu kwaye bunokusetyenziselwa ukubhaka kunye nokupheka kwaye kugxilwe ngakumbi kuneswekile (¼ icephe okanye i-0.5 yeegram kulingana nobumnandi betispuni e-1 okanye i-2.5 gram iswekile
• Ngokubanzi yamkelwe njengekhuselekileyo (GRAS) yi-FDA

Igama

• I-sweetener engenasondlo
• Amawaka angama-20 000 amnandi kuneswekile
• Isetyenziswa njengeswiti ngokubanzi kwaye ubushushu buzinzile, inokusetyenziselwa ukubhaka
• Ayisebenzi rhoqo
• Ivunyiwe yi-FDA

Abantu bahlala benemibuzo malunga nokhuseleko kunye nempembelelo yeziphumo zeswekile. Izifundo ezininzi zenziwe kwizithuba zeswekile ezivunyiweyo ze-FDA, kwaye zibonisiwe ukuba zikhuselekile. Ngokusekwe kwezi zifundo, i-FDA ithi zikhuselekile ukuba zisetyenziswe kubemi ngokubanzi.

I-Aspartame ayikhuthazwanga kubantu abane-PKU. Umzimba wabo awunakho ukophula enye yee-amino acid ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-aspartame.

Kukho ubungqina obuncinci bokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa okanye ukuthintelwa kwezinto ezingena endaweni yeswekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Iiswiti ezivunywe yi-FDA zilungile ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokumodareyitha. Nangona kunjalo, uMbutho Wezonyango waseMelika ucebisa ukuphepha i-saccharin ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngenxa yokuhamba kancinci kosana olungekazalwa.

I-FDA ilawula zonke izinto ezingena endaweni yeswekile ezithengiswayo okanye ezisetyenziselwa ukutya okulungiselelwe eUnited States. I-FDA ibeke ukutya okwamkelekileyo kwemihla ngemihla (ADI). Eli lixabiso umntu anokulitya ngokukhuselekileyo yonke imihla kubomi bakhe bonke. Uninzi lwabantu lutya kancinci kakhulu kune-ADI.

Ngo-2012, i-American Heart Association kunye ne-American Diabetes Association yapapasha ingxelo eyagqitywa kwelokuba ukusebenzisa ngengqondo izitshintshi zeswekile kunokunceda ukunciphisa i-caloric kunye ne-carbohydrate. Uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka. Akukho bungqina baneleyo ngeli xesha lokufumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweswekile endaweni yeswekile kukhokelela ekulahlekeni kobunzima okanye kumngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Ubumnandi obuphezulu; Izinto ezingasondli ezinesondlo- (NNS); Iincasa ezinesondlo; Iiswidi ezingezizo; Ezinye iindlela zeswekile

UAronons JK. Izinto zokuthambisa ezingezizo. Ku: Aronson JK, ed. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zikaMeyler zeziyobisi. Ngomhla we-16. I-Waltham, MA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: 713-716.

UGardner C, uWylie-Rosett J, uGidding SS, okqhubekayo; I-American Heart Association IKomiti yeZondlo zeBhunga kwiZondlo, uMsebenzi woMzimba kunye neMetabolism, iBhunga kwi-Arteriosclerosis, iTrombosis kunye ne-Vascular Biology, iBhunga kwiSifo seNtsholongwane kwi-Young, kunye ne-American Diabetes Association. Izithambisi ezingondlekanga: ukusetyenziswa kwangoku kunye nembono yezempilo: ingxelo yezenzululwazi evela kwiAmerican Heart Association kunye neAmerican Diabetes Association Ukujikeleza. Ngo-2012; 126 (4): 509-519. IINKCUKACHA: 22777177 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22777177/.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Izinto zokuthambisa ezingezizo kunye nomhlaza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-10 ka-Agasti ka-2016. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 11, 2019.

ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu kunye newebhusayithi yeSebe lezoLimo laseMelika. Izikhokelo zokutya ze-2015-2020 zokutya kubantu baseMelika. Uhlobo lwe-8. impilo.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/2015-2020_Dietary_Guidelines.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa ngoDisemba 2015. Kufikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 11, 2019.

Iwebhusayithi yoLawulo lwezoKutya kunye nokuSebenzisa iziyobisi. Ubumnandi obuphezulu. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/high-intensity-sweeteners. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 19, 2017. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 11, 2019.

Iwebhusayithi yoLawulo lwezoKutya kunye nokuSebenzisa iziyobisi. Ulwazi olongezelelekileyo malunga neswekile ephezulu yokuvunywa ukuba isetyenziswe ekutyeni eMelika. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/additional-information-about-high-intensity-sweeteners-permited-use-food-united-states. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 8, 2018. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 11, 2019.