Isitofu sokugonya se-Hepatitis A-into ekufuneka uyazi

Wonke umxholo ongezantsi uthathwe uwonke kwi-CDC Hepatitis A Statement Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/hep-a.html.

1. Kutheni ugonywa nje?

Isitofu sokugonya se-Hepatitis A inokuthintela hepatitis A.

IHepatitis A sisifo esibi sesibindi. Ihlala isasazeka ngokudibana ngokusondeleyo nomntu osulelekileyo okanye xa umntu engazi eyifunxa intsholongwane kwizinto, ukutya, okanye iziselo ezingcoliswe sisihlalo esincinci somntu osulelekileyo.

Uninzi lwabantu abadala abane-hepatitis A baneempawu, kubandakanya ukukhathala, ukuthanda ukutya okuphantsi, iintlungu zesisu, isicaphucaphu, kunye ne-jaundice (ulusu olutyheli okanye amehlo, umchamo omnyama, ukukhanya okuhamba ngamathumbu). Uninzi lwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala abanazo iimpawu.

Umntu osulelwe yi-hepatitis A unokusidlulisela esi sifo kwabanye abantu nokuba akanazo iimpawu zesi sifo.

Uninzi lwabantu abafumana i-hepatitis A baziva begula iiveki ezininzi, kodwa bahlala bechacha ngokupheleleyo kwaye abanomonakalo wesibindi ongapheliyo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-hepatitis A inokubangela ukusilela kwesibindi kunye nokufa; oku kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abadala kunama-50 nakubantu abanezinye izifo zesibindi.

Isitofu sokugonya se-Hepatitis A senze ukuba esi sifo singaxhaphaka kakhulu e-United States. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhambuka kwesifo i-hepatitis A phakathi kwabantu abangafakwanga ugonyo kusenzeka.

2. Isitofu sokugonya seHepatitis A

Abantwana kufuneka iidosi ezimbini zokugonya i-hepatitis A:

• Idosi yokuqala: 12 ukuya kwiinyanga ezingama-23 ubudala
• Idosi yesibini: ubuncinci iinyanga ezi-6 emva kwethamo lokuqala

Abantwana abadala kunye nolutsha Abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kweli-18 ubudala abangakhange bagonywe ngaphambili kufuneka bagonywe.

Abantu abadala abangakhange bagonywe ngaphambili kwaye bafuna ukukhuselwa kwi-hepatitis A banokufumana isitofu sokugonya.

Isitofu sokugonya seHepatitis A siyacetyiswa kwaba bantu balandelayo:

• Bonke abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-12-23 yeenyanga
• Uncaccinated abantwana kunye nabakwishumi elivisayo abaneminyaka emi-2-18 ubudala
• Abahambi bamanye amazwe
• Amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda
• Abantu abasebenzisa inaliti okanye iziyobisi ezingezizo inaliti
• Abantu abasemngciphekweni wokosuleleka emsebenzini
• Abantu abalindele unxibelelwano olusondeleyo nomntu owamkelekileyo kwilizwe jikelele
• Abantu abahlangabezana namakhaya
• Abantu abane-HIV
• Abantu abanesifo esingapheliyo sesibindi
• Nabani na onqwenela ukufumana ukhuseleko (ukhuselo)

Ukongeza, umntu ongazange afumane isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis A ngaphambili kwaye ononxibelelwano ngqo nomntu one-hepatitis A kufuneka afumane isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis A kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini emva kokuvezwa.

Isitofu sokugonya seHepatitis A singanikwa ngaxeshanye nezinye izitofu zokugonya.

3. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo

Xelela umboneleli wakho wokugonya ukuba ngaba umntu ofumana isitofu sokugonya:

• Uye waba ne-allergical reaction emva kwethamo langaphambilini lesifo sokugonya se-hepatitis A, okanye unaso nasiphi na isifo esibi, esisongela ubomi.

Kwezinye iimeko, umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuthatha isigqibo sokumisa ugonyo lwe-hepatitis A kutyelelo oluzayo.

Abantu abanezigulo ezingephi, ezinjengomkhuhlane, banokugonywa. Abantu abagula ngokuphakathi okanye abagula kakhulu kufuneka bahlala belinde de bachache ngaphambi kokufumana isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis A.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo angakunika ulwazi oluthe kratya.

4. Umngcipheko wempendulo yesitofu sokugonya

• Ukudakumba okanye ukuba bomvu apho kunikezelwa khona, ifiva, intloko ebuhlungu, ukudinwa, okanye ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunokwenzeka emva kogonyo lwe-hepatitis A.

Abantu ngamanye amaxesha bayaphela emva kweenkqubo zonyango, kubandakanya nokugonya. Xelela umboneleli wakho ukuba uziva unesiyezi okanye unombono otshintshayo okanye ukhala ezindlebeni.

Njengalo naliphi na iyeza, kukho ithuba elikude kakhulu lokugonya elibangela ukusabela okungafunekiyo, okunye ukwenzakala okunzima, okanye ukufa.

5. Kuthekani ukuba kukho ingxaki enzulu?

Ukungadibani nezinto emzimbeni kunokwenzeka emva kokuba umntu ogonyiweyo eshiye ikliniki. Ukuba ubona iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba (urticaria, ukudumba kobuso kunye nomqala, ukuphefumla nzima, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, isiyezi, okanye ubuthathaka), tsalela umnxeba u-9-1-1 kwaye umse kwisibhedlele esikufutshane.

Ngezinye iimpawu ezikukhathazayo, tsalela umnikezeli wakho wezempilo.

Iziphumo ezingalunganga kufuneka zixelwe kwiNkqubo yokuNika ingxelo ngezeNtsholongwane (VAERS). Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uhlala efaka le ngxelo, okanye ungayenza ngokwakho. Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi ye-VAERS ku vaers.hhs.gov okanye utsalele umnxeba 1-800-822-7967. I-VAERS yeyokuphendula kuphela, kwaye abasebenzi be-VAERS abaniki ngcebiso ngonyango.

6. INkqubo kaZwelonke yeMbuyekezo ngezeMali ngoKhuseleko kuThintelo

INkqubo kaZwelonke yokuXhasa uNyango yokuThintela ukuVavanya (i-VICP) yinkqubo yomdibaniso eyenzelwe ukuhlawulela abantu abanokwenzakala zizitofu ezithile. Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi ye-VICP apha www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation okanye utsalele umnxeba 1-800-338-2382 ukufunda ngenkqubo kunye nokugcwalisa ibango. Kukho umda wexesha lokufaka ibango kwimbuyekezo.

7. Ndingafunda njani ngakumbi?

• Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo.
• Tsalela umnxeba isebe lezempilo lasekuhlaleni okanye likarhulumente.

Qhagamshelana namaZiko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noKhuseleko (CDC):

• Tsalela umnxeba 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO) okanye
• Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yeCDC ku-www.cdc.gov/vaccines

• Isitofu

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Iingxelo ngeNgcaciso ye-Vaccine (VISs): I-Hepatitis A isitofu sokugonya: Into ekufuneka uyazi. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/hep-a.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJulayi 28, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 29, 2020.