Hepatitis A - abantwana

I-Hepatitis A ebantwaneni kukudumba kunye nezicwili ezitshisayo zesibindi ngenxa yentsholongwane ye-hepatitis A (HAV). IHepatitis A lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-hepatitis ebantwaneni.

I-HAV ifumaneka esitulweni (ilindle) nasegazini lomntwana osulelekileyo.

Umntwana unokufumana i-hepatitis A ngo:

• Ukudibana negazi okanye ilindle lomntu onesifo.
• Ukutya okanye ukusela ukutya okanye amanzi angcoliswe ligazi okanye ilindle eliqukethe i-HAV. Iziqhamo, imifuno, iqokobhe, umkhenkce kunye namanzi yimithombo yesi sifo.
• Ukutya ukutya okulungiselelwe ngumntu onesifo ongazihlambi izandla zakhe emva kokuhlamba.
• Ukuphakanyiswa okanye ukuthwalwa ngumntu onesifo ongazihlambi izandla zakhe emva kokuhlamba.
• Ukuya kwelinye ilizwe ngaphandle kokugonyelwa i-hepatitis A.

Abantwana banokufumana i-hepatitis A kwiziko lokhathalelo lwemini kwabanye abantwana okanye kubasebenzi bokhathalelo lwabantwana abanentsholongwane kwaye abangawenzi ucoceko olulungileyo.

Olunye usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hepatitis virus lubandakanya i-hepatitis B kunye ne-hepatitis C. I-Hepatitis A yeyona yona inkulu kakhulu kwaye inobulali kwezi zifo.

Uninzi lwabantwana abaneminyaka emi-6 nangaphantsi abanazo iimpawu. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho unesi sifo, kwaye usenokungazi. Oku kunokwenza ukuba kube lula ukusasaza isifo phakathi kwabantwana abancinci.

Xa iimpawu zivela, zibonakala malunga neeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kosulelo. Umntwana unokuba neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, okanye iimpawu zinokuba mncinci. I-hepatitis enamandla okanye egcweleyo (ukusilela kwesibindi) inqabile kubantwana abasempilweni. Iimpawu zihlala zilula ukulawula kwaye zibandakanya:

• Umchamo omnyama
• Ukudinwa
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ifiva
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Izitulo eziluhlaza
• Intlungu zesisu (ngaphezulu kwesibindi)
• Isikhumba esimthubi namehlo (jaundice)

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba lomntwana wakho. Oku kwenziwa ukujonga iintlungu kunye nokudumba esibindini.

Umboneleli uya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela:

• Iintsholongwane ezikhulisiweyo (iiproteni ezilwa nosulelo) ngenxa ye-HAV
• Ukuphakanyiswa kwee-enzyme zesibindi ngenxa yomonakalo wesibindi okanye ukudumba

Akukho lunyango lweziyobisi kwi-hepatitis A. Amajoni omzimba womntwana wakho aya kulwa nentsholongwane. Ukulawula iimpawu kunokunceda umntwana wakho azive engcono xa efumana:

• Yenza umntwana wakho aphumle xa iimpawu zibi kakhulu.
• UNGANIKI i-acetaminophen emntwaneni wakho ngaphandle kokuqala uthethe nomboneleli womntwana wakho. Inokuba yityhefu kuba isibindi sele sibuthathaka.
• Nika ulwelo lomntwana wakho ngohlobo lweejusi zeziqhamo okanye izisombululo ze-electrolyte, ezinje ngePedialyte. Oku kunceda ukuthintela ukomisa.

Ngelixa kunqabile, iimpawu zinokuba nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba abantwana abane-HAV badinga ulwelo olongezelelekileyo ngomthambo (IV).

I-HAV ayihlali emzimbeni womntwana emva kokosuleleka. Ngenxa yoko, ayibangeli usulelo lwexesha elide esibindini.

Rhoqo, ityala elitsha linokubangela ukusilela kwesibindi okukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ze-hepatitis A ebantwaneni zinokuba:

• Umonakalo wesibindi
• Isibindi sokuqina

Nxibelelana nomboneleli womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-hepatitis A.

Nxibelelana nomboneleli ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Umlomo owomileyo ngenxa yokuphulukana nolwelo
• Azikho iinyembezi xa ulila
• Ukudumba kwiingalo, izandla, iinyawo, isisu okanye ubuso
• Igazi kwizitulo
  

Unokumkhusela umntwana wakho kwi-hepatitis A ngokwenza umntwana wakho agonywe.

• Ugonyo lwe-hepatitis A luyacetyiswa kubo bonke abantwana phakathi kokuzalwa kwabo kokuqala kunye nokwesibini (abaneminyaka eli-12 ukuya kwi-23 yeenyanga).
• Wena kunye nomntwana wakho kufuneka nigonywe ukuba nihambela amazwe apho kwenzeka khona isifo.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uchanekile kwi-hepatitis A, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nesidingo sonyango lwe-immunoglobulin.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uhambela indawo yokugcina abantwana:

• Qinisekisa ukuba abantwana kunye nabasebenzi kwiziko lokhathalelo lasemini banesifo sokugonya i-hepatitis A.
• Hlola indawo apho kutshintshwa khona ii-diapers ukuqinisekisa ukuba kulandelwa ucoceko olufanelekileyo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana i-hepatitis A, ungathatha la manyathelo ukunceda ukuthintela isifo ekusasazeni kwabanye abantwana okanye abantu abadala:

• Hlamba izandla zakho ngaphambi nangemva kokulungisa ukutya, ngaphambi kokutya naphambi kokuba unike umntwana wakho ukutya.
• Ngalo lonke ixesha hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, emva kokutshintsha ilweyile lomntwana wakho, kwaye ukuba udibana negazi lomntu osulelekileyo, izitulo, okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba.
• Nceda umntwana wakho afunde ucoceko. Fundisa umntwana wakho ukuhlamba izandla phambi kokuba atye ukutya nasemva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokuhlambela.
• Kuphephe ukutya ukutya okuthelelekileyo okanye ukusela amanzi angcolileyo.

Intsholongwane hepatitis - abantwana; I-hepatitis esulelayo - abantwana

UJensen MK, Balistreri WF. Intsholongwane yesibindi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 385.

IPham YH, iLeung DH. Intsholongwane yeHepatitis A. Ku: UCherry JD, uHarrison GJ, uKaplan SL, uSteinbach WJ, uHotez PJ, ii-eds. Incwadi kaFeigin kunye neCherry yezifo ezosulelayo zabantwana. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 168.

URobinson CL, uBernstein H, uRomero JR, uSzilagyi P.Ikomiti yeeNgcebiso malunga neZenzo zoGonyo yacebisa ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo abaneminyaka eli-18 nangaphantsi-eUnited States, 2019. MMWR Mntundini wokufa Wkly Rep. Ngo-2019; 68 (5): 112-114. IINKCUKACHA: 30730870 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30730870/.