Hepatitis B - abantwana

I-Hepatitis B ebantwaneni kukudumba kunye nezicwili ezitshisayo zesibindi ngenxa yosulelo lwentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B (HBV).

Olunye usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hepatitis virus lubandakanya i-hepatitis A kunye ne-hepatitis C.

I-HBV ifumaneka egazini okanye kulwelo lomzimba (amadlozi, iinyembezi, okanye amathe) omntu osulelekileyo. Intsholongwane ayikho kwisitulo (ilindle).

Umntwana unokufumana i-HBV ngokudibana negazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba lomntu onentsholongwane. Ukubonakaliswa kunokuvela:

• Umama one-HBV ngexesha lokuzalwa. Akubonakali ngathi i-HBV idluliselwa kumntwana engekazalwa esesibelekweni sikanina.
• Ukulunywa ngumntu osulelekileyo owophula ulusu.
• Igazi, amathe, okanye naluphi na ulwelo lomzimba lomntu osulelekileyo onokuthi abambe ikhefu okanye avuleke kulusu lomntwana, emehlweni, okanye emlonyeni.
• Ukwabelana ngezinto zobuqu, ezinjengebrashi yamazinyo, nomntu onentsholongwane.
• Ukubambeka ngenaliti emva kokusetyenziswa ngumntu osuleleke yi-HBV.

Umntwana akanako ukufumana i-hepatitis B ngokuwola, ukuncamisa, ukukhohlela okanye ukuthimla. Ukuncancisa umama one-hepatitis B kukhuselekile ukuba umntwana uphathwa kakuhle ngexesha lokuzalwa.

Ulutsha olungagonywanga lunokufumana i-HBV ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Uninzi lwabantwana abane-hepatitis B abanalo okanye baneempawu ezimbalwa. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 kunqabile ukuba babe neempawu zesifo sokudumba kwesibindi B. Abantwana abadala banokuphuhlisa iimpawu kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni. Iimpawu eziphambili zosulelo olutsha okanye lwakutsha nje zezi:

• Ukulahleka kokutya
• Ukudinwa
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi
• Imisipha kunye nentlungu edibeneyo
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Isikhumba esimthubi namehlo (jaundice)
• Umchamo omnyama

Ukuba umzimba uyakwazi ukulwa ne-HBV, iimpawu ziphela kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hepatitis B etsolo B. I-hepatitis B ebukhali ayibangeli ngxaki.

Umboneleli wezempilo womntwana wakho uya kwenza iimvavanyo zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-hepatitis viral panel. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ukufumanisa isifo:

• Usulelo olutsha (i-hepatitis B ebukhali)
• Usulelo olungapheliyo okanye lwexesha elide (i-hepatitis B engapheliyo)
• Usulelo olwenzeke kwixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa alusekho

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lubona ukonakala kwesibindi kunye nomngcipheko wesifo somhlaza wesibindi kwi-hepatitis B engapheliyo:

• Inqanaba lealbhamu
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi
• Ixesha leprothrombin
• Isibindi se-biopsy
• I-ultrasound yesisu
• Iimpawu zomhlaza wesibindi ezinjenge-alpha fetoprotein

Umboneleli uya kujonga kwakhona ubungakanani bentsholongwane ye-HBV egazini. Olu vavanyo lubonisa ukuba lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani unyango lomntwana wakho.

Acute hepatitis B ayifuni naluphi na unyango olukhethekileyo. Amajoni omzimba womntwana wakho aya kulwa nesi sifo. Ukuba akukho phawu losulelo lwe-HBV emva kweenyanga ezi-6, umntwana wakho uchache ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa intsholongwane ikhona, umntwana wakho angayidlulisela kwabanye. Kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo okunceda ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.

I-hepatitis B engapheliyo ifuna unyango. Injongo yonyango kukukhulula naziphi na iimpawu, ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesifo, kunye nokunceda ukukhusela isifo sesibindi. Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Ufumana ukuphumla okuninzi
• Uselwa kakhulu ulwelo
• Itya ukutya okusempilweni

Umboneleli womntwana wakho unokucebisa amayeza antiviral. Amayeza anciphisa okanye asuse i-HBV egazini:

• I-Interferon alpha-2b (Intron A) inokunikwa abantwana abaneminyaka eli-1 nangaphezulu.
• I-Lamivudine (Epivir) kunye ne-entecavir (iBaraclude) zisetyenziswa kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 nangaphezulu.
• I-Tenofovir (iViread) inikwa abantwana abaneminyaka eli-12 nangaphezulu.

Akusoloko kucacile ukuba amayeza kufuneka enikwe. Abantwana abane-hepatitis B engapheliyo bangawafumana la mayeza xa:

• Umsebenzi wesibindi ngokukhawuleza uba mandundu
• Isibindi sibonisa iimpawu zomonakalo wexesha elide
• Inqanaba le-HBV liphezulu egazini

Uninzi lwabantwana luyakwazi ukuyisusa imizimba yabo kwi-HBV kwaye abanasulelo lwexesha elide.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana abaze balahle i-HBV. Oku kubizwa ngokuba sisifo esingapheliyo se-hepatitis B.

• Abantwana abancinci bathambekele ngakumbi kwisifo sesibindi esinganyangekiyo B.
• Aba bantwana abaziva begula, kwaye baphila ubomi obunempilo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, banokuphuhlisa iimpawu zexesha elide (ezingapheliyo) zomonakalo wesibindi.

Phantse lonke usana kunye nesiqingatha sabantwana abafumana i-hepatitis B bahlakulela imeko yexesha elide (engapheliyo). Uvavanyo lwegazi oluqinisekileyo emva kweenyanga ezi-6 luqinisekisa i-hepatitis B. engapheliyo Esi sifo asizukuchaphazela ukukhula nokukhula komntwana wakho. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni esi sifo ebantwaneni.

Kuya kufuneka uncede umntwana wakho afunde indlela yokuphepha ukusasazeka kwesi sifo ngoku nokuba mdala.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ze-hepatitis B zibandakanya:

• Umonakalo wesibindi
• Isibindi sokuqina
• Umhlaza wesibindi

Ezi ngxaki zihlala zenzeka ngexesha lokuba mdala.

Fowunela umnikezeli womntwana wakho ukuba:

• Umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-hepatitis B
• Iimpawu zeHepatitis B azihambi
• Iimpawu ezintsha ziyavela
• Umntwana ukwicandelo elinomngcipheko ophezulu we-hepatitis B kwaye khange afumane isitofu sokugonya se-HBV

Ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo une-hepatitis B ebukhali okanye engapheliyo, la manyathelo athatyathwa ukukhusela intsholongwane ekuhanjisweni kusana xa luzalwa:

• Iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa kufuneka zifumane ugonyo lokuqala lwe-hepatitis B kunye nedosi enye ye-immunoglobulins (IG) kwisithuba seeyure ezili-12.
• Umntwana kufuneka agqibe lonke ugonyo lwe-hepatitis B njengoko kucetyisiwe kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala.
• Abanye abantu basetyhini abakhulelweyo banokufumana iziyobisi ukwehlisa inqanaba le-HBV egazini labo.

Ukuthintela usulelo lwe-hepatitis B:

• Abantwana kufuneka bafumane idosi yokuqala yokugonya i-hepatitis B ekuzalweni. Kuya kufuneka babe nazo zonke izithonga ezi-3 kuthotho ngokobudala beenyanga ezi-6.
• Abantwana abangenalo ugonyo kufuneka bafumane iidosi "zokubamba".
• Abantwana kufuneka bakuphephe ukunxibelelana negazi kunye nolwelo lomzimba.
• Abantwana akufuneki babelane ngebrashi yamazinyo okanye naziphi na izinto ezinokosulelwa.
• Bonke abantu basetyhini kufuneka bahlolwe i-HBV ngexa lokukhulelwa.
• Oomama abanesifo se-HBV banokuncancisa umntwana wabo emva kogonyo.

Usulelo oluthe cwaka - abantwana beHBV; Antivirals - hepatitis B abantwana; Abantwana beHBV; Ukukhulelwa - abantwana be-hepatitis B; Ukuhanjiswa koomama-abantwana be-hepatitis B

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Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Iingxelo zolwazi lokugonya: izitofu zokuqala zomntwana wakho. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/multi.html. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Epreli 5, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 27, 2020.

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