Isifo se-reflux sesifo se-Gastroesophageal-abantwana

I-Reflux ye-Gastroesophageal (GER) yenzeka xa isisu sivuza umva ukusuka esiswini ukuya kwisisu (ityhubhu ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya esiswini). Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-reflux. I-GER inokucaphukisa i-esophagus kwaye ibangele ukutsha kwentliziyo.

Isifo se-reflux sesifo se-Gastroesophageal (GERD) yingxaki ehlala ixesha elide apho i-reflux isenzeka rhoqo. Ingabangela iimpawu ezinzima.

Eli nqaku limalunga ne-GERD ebantwaneni. Ingxaki eqhelekileyo kubantwana bayo yonke iminyaka.

Xa sisitya, ukutya kudlula ukusuka emqaleni kuye esiswini nge-esophagus. Iringi yemicu yemisipha kumphantsi osezantsi ithintela ukutya okuginyiwe ekubuyeni umva.

Xa le ndandatho yemisipha ingavali yonke indlela, imixholo yesisu inokuvuza ibuyele kumqala. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-reflux okanye i-reflux ye-gastroesophageal.

Kwiintsana, eli ringi lezihlunu alikakhuli ngokupheleleyo, kwaye oku kunokubangela ukuba kube ne-reflux. Kungenxa yesi sizathu le nto abantwana behlala begabha emva kokutyisa. I-Reflux kwiintsana iyahamba nje ukuba esi sihlunu sikhule, rhoqo kubudala bonyaka omnye.

Xa iimpawu ziqhubeka okanye ziba zibi, kunokuba ngumqondiso weGERD.

Izinto ezithile zingakhokelela kwi-GERD ebantwaneni, kubandakanya:

• Iziphene zokuzalwa, ezinje nge-hiatal hernia, imeko apho inxenye yesisu isolula ngokuvulelwa kwesifuba esifubeni. Idayaphragm sisihlunu esahlula isifuba kwisisu.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu.
• Amayeza athile, njengamayeza athile asetyenziselwa isifuba.
• Abantu abatshayayo.
• Utyando lwesisu esiphezulu.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njengokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Imfuza -I-GERD ihlala ibaleka kwiintsapho.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-GERD kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo zibandakanya:

• Isihlunu, ukubuyisela ukutya kwakhona (ukuphinda uhlaziye), okanye mhlawumbi ukugabha.
• Reflux kunye nesitshisa. Abantwana abancinci abanako ukufumanisa intlungu kunye kwaye endaweni yoko bachaze isisu okanye intlungu yesifuba.
• Ukukrwitsha, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, okanye ukuvutha.
• Iingqungquthela okanye i-burps.
• Ukungafuni kutya, ukutya kuphela isixa esincinci, okanye ukunqanda ukutya okuthile.
• Ukwehla kobunzima okanye ukungafumani bunzima.
• Ukuziva ukuba ukutya kunamathele ngasemva kwethambo lesifuba okanye iintlungu ngokuginya.
• Ukukrala okanye ukutshintsha kwelizwi.

Umntwana wakho usenokungafuneki kuvavanyo ukuba iimpawu zithambile.

Uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-barium swallow swallow okanye i-GI ephezulu inokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Kolu vavanyo, umntwana wakho uya kuginya into enechalky ukuqaqambisa umqala, isisu, kunye nenxalenye ephezulu yamathumbu akhe amancinci. Ingabonisa ukuba ulwelo luyaxhasa ukusuka esiswini luye kwi-esophagus okanye ukuba kukho nantoni na ethintela okanye inciphise le mimandla.

Ukuba iimpawu aziphucuki, okanye zibuya emva kokuba umntwana ephathwe ngamayeza, umboneleli wezempilo unokwenza uvavanyo. Olunye uvavanyo lubizwa ngokuba yi-endoscopy ephezulu (i-EGD). Uvavanyo:

• Yenziwe ngekhamera encinci (i-endoscope eguqukayo) efakwa ezantsi emqaleni
• Ivavanya ulwelwesi lwe-esophagus, isisu, kunye nenxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci

Umboneleli unokwenza neemvavanyo uku:

• Linganisa ukuba kukangaphi isisu esiswini singena kwisisu
• Linganisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwenxalenye esezantsi yomqala

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lunokunceda ukuphatha iGERD ngempumelelo. Banokwenzeka ukuba basebenzele abantwana abaneempawu ezinzima okanye iimpawu ezingenzeki rhoqo.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ikakhulu lubandakanya:

• Ukunciphisa umzimba, ukuba utyebe kakhulu
• Ukunxiba iimpahla ezikhululekileyo esinqeni
• Ukulala nentloko yebhedi iphakanyisiwe kancinane, yabantwana abaneempawu zobusuku
• Khange ulale phantsi iiyure ezi-3 emva kokutya

Olu tshintsho lulandelayo lokutya lunokunceda ukuba ukutya kubonakala ngathi kubangela iimpawu:

• Ukuphepha ukutya okuneswekile eninzi okanye ukutya okuneziqholo kakhulu
• Ukuphepha itshokholethi, ipepermint, okanye iziselo ezinecaffeine
• Ukuphepha iziselo ezineasidi ezinje ngeekola okanye ijusi yeorenji
• Ukutya ukutya okuncinci rhoqo rhoqo emini

Thetha nomboneleli womntwana wakho ngaphambi kokunciphisa amafutha. Izibonelelo zokunciphisa amafutha ebantwaneni aziboniswanga kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana banezondlo ezifanelekileyo zokukhula okunempilo.

Abazali okanye abalondolozi abatshayayo mabayeke ukutshaya. Ungaze utshaye ujikeleze abantwana. Ukutshaya okutshaywayo kungabangela i-GERD ebantwaneni.

Ukuba umboneleli womntwana wakho uthi kulungile ukwenza njalo, unokunika umntwana wakho i-acounter (OTC) ye-acid suppressors. Banceda ukunciphisa inani leasidi eveliswa sisisu. La mayeza asebenza kancinci, kodwa azisuse iimpawu ixesha elide. Ziquka:

• Impompo Proton inhibitors
• Iibhloko ze-H2

Umboneleli womntwana wakho unokucebisa ukuba usebenzise ii-antacids kunye namanye amayeza. Musa ukunika umntwana wakho nawaphi na ala mayeza ngaphandle kokujonga kuqala umboneleli.

Ukuba ezi ndlela zonyango ziyasilela ukulawula iimpawu, utyando lwe-anti-reflux lunokuba lukhetho kubantwana abaneempawu ezinzima. Umzekelo, utyando lunokuqwalaselwa kubantwana abaphuhlisa iingxaki zokuphefumla.

Thetha nomboneleli womntwana wakho malunga nokuba zeziphi iindlela ezinokuthi zilungele umntwana wakho.

Uninzi lwabantwana lusabela kakuhle kunyango nakwinguqu kwindlela yokuphila. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abaninzi kufuneka baqhubeke nokusela amayeza ukulawula iimpawu zabo.

Abantwana abane-GERD kunokwenzeka ukuba babe neengxaki nge-reflux kunye nesitshisa njengabantu abadala.

Iingxaki ze-GERD ebantwaneni zinokubandakanya:

• Isifo sombefu esinokuba mandundu
• Umonakalo kumngxunya we-esophagus, onokubangela ukonakala kunye nokunciphisa
• Isilonda esophagus (kunqabile)

Tsalela umnikezeli womntwana wakho ukuba iimpawu aziphucuki notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Fowunela kwakhona ukuba umntwana unezi mpawu:

• Ukopha
• Ukutswina (ukukhohlela, ukuphefumla kancinci)
• Ukuziva ugcwele ngokukhawuleza xa usitya
• Ukugabha rhoqo
• Ukurhabaxa
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ingxaki yokuginya okanye iintlungu ngokuginya
• Ukuhla ukusinda
  

Unokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-GERD ebantwaneni ngokuthatha la manyathelo:

• Nceda umntwana wakho ahlale kubunzima obusempilweni ngokutya okusempilweni kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo.
• Ungaze utshaye ujikeleze umntwana wakho. Gcina ikhaya elingenamsi kunye nemoto. Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka.
  

Peptic esophagitis - abantwana; Reflux esophagitis - abantwana; IGERD - abantwana; Isitshisa - esinganyangekiyo - abantwana; IDyspepsia - GERD - abantwana

UKhan S, uMatta SKR. Isifo se-reflux sesifo se-Gastroesophageal. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 349.

IZiko leLizwe leSwekile kunye neZifo zeDigestive kunye neZintso. I-acid reflux (GER & GERD) kwiintsana. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-infants. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Epreli, 2015. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 14, 2020.

URichards MK, uGoldin AB. Inonatal isisu se-gastroesophageal Reflux. Ku: Gleason CA, Juul SE, ii-eds. Izifo zika-Avery Zomntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 74.

IVandenplas Y. I-Reflux yesisu. Ku: Wyllie R, Hyams JS, Kay M, ii-eds. Izifo zesisu esiswini kunye nezifo zesibindi. Umhla wesi-6.IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: Isahluko 21.